Bituminous Coal Exports by Country

Bituminous coal exports by country measures the amount of bituminous coal exported in each country, measured in million metric tons (Mmt) per year. Bituminous coal is a dense, black coal with relatively high carbon content and energy content. The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. The table covers 69 countries with a reported 2024 value and includes data from 2019 to 2024. The world total stood at 587.5 Mmt in 2024, up from 569.2 Mmt in 2023.

The map highlights where bituminous coal exports are most concentrated in 2024, while the table below provides the full 2019-2024 series. The analysis below highlights the countries and changes that stand out most clearly in the data.

Bituminous Coal Exports by Country

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#	Country	2024 (Mmt)
1	Australia AU	190.34
2	Russia RU	111.42
3	Indonesia ID	72.2
4	South Africa ZA	63.91
5	Colombia CO	43.39
6	United States US	40.22
7	Kazakhstan KZ	26.94
8	Mongolia MN	11.46
9	Mozambique MZ	6.61
10	Netherlands NL	4.74
11	Canada CA	4.63
12	China CN	2.71
13	Belarus BY	1.02
14	Germany DE	0.94
15	United Kingdom GB	0.86
16	Botswana BW	0.83
17	Tanzania TZ	0.76
18	Czech Republic CZ	0.72
19	Spain ES	0.57
20	Zimbabwe ZW	0.49
21	Poland PL	0.42
22	Kyrgyzstan KG	0.38
23	Afghanistan AF	0.34
24	Türkiye TR	0.33
25	India IN	0.18
26	New Zealand NZ	0.16
27	Zambia ZM	0.16
28	Tajikistan TJ	0.15
29	France FR	0.15
30	Norway NO	0.11
31	Albania AL	0.11
32	Lithuania LT	0.08
33	Peru PE	0.08
34	Venezuela VE	0.08
35	Iran IR	0.02
36	Croatia HR	0.02
37	Denmark DK	0.01
38	Italy IT	0.01
39	Japan JP	0
40	Thailand TH	0
41	Belgium BE	0
42	Ireland IE	0
43	Brazil BR	0
44	Malaysia MY	0
45	Switzerland CH	0
46	South Korea KR	0
47	Argentina AR	0
48	Barbados BB	0
49	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	0
50	Bulgaria BG	0
51	Egypt EG	0
52	Estonia EE	0
53	Eswatini SZ	0
54	Finland FI	0
55	Grenada GD	0
56	Hong Kong HK	0
57	Kosovo XK	0
58	Latvia LV	0
59	Lesotho LS	0
60	Malawi MW	0
61	Nigeria NG	0
62	Palestine PS	0
63	Portugal PT	0
64	Romania RO	0
65	Serbia RS	0
66	Sweden SE	0
67	Ukraine UA	0
68	United Arab Emirates AE	0
69	Vietnam VN	0

Analysis: Australia alone accounted for about 32 percent of the world total in 2024, and Australia and Russia together for about 51 percent. The top three accounted for about 64 percent, the top five for about 82 percent, and the top ten for about 97 percent. Australia's bituminous coal exports were about 1.7 times those of Russia, the second-largest exporter — a gap that explains much of the global structure.

Who Leads Bituminous Coal Exports?

Data: Australia (190.3 Mmt) was the largest exporter in 2024, ahead of Russia (111.4 Mmt). The next largest were Indonesia (72.196 Mmt), South Africa (63.908 Mmt), Colombia (43.389 Mmt), United States (40.215 Mmt), Kazakhstan (26.944 Mmt). Analysis: The top five alone — Australia, Russia, Indonesia, South Africa, Colombia — already make up about 82 percent of world total, while the remaining 64 countries together account for less than 18 percent. Context: This concentration means that shifts in just a few countries drive the world total.

Where Bituminous Coal Is Concentrated

Bituminous coal exports were highly concentrated in 2024. The top ten exporters accounted for about 97 percent of the world total, leaving less than 3% for the other 59 countries. Australia was by far the largest exporter, followed by Russia, Indonesia, South Africa, and Colombia. In Oceania, Australia dominates; in Asia, Indonesia and Kazakhstan are among the leading exporters; in North America, the United States is a major exporter.

What Changed Most Recently? (2023-2024)

Analysis: Indonesia saw the largest increase, rising from 58.286 to 72.196 Mmt (up 13.91 Mmt, about 23.9 percent). Australia (+8.208 Mmt) and Mongolia (+3.668 Mmt) also rose. The sharpest decline was Russia (126.7 to 111.4 Mmt, down 15.29 Mmt). Overall the world total rose by 18.325 Mmt (+3.2 percent) to 587.5 Mmt. Context: Year-to-year moves like these show whether growth is broad-based or driven by a single country.

How Has Bituminous Coal Evolved Since 2019?

The reported world total moved from 692.2 Mmt in 2019 to 587.5 Mmt in 2024, with a low of about 569.2 Mmt in 2023. For perspective, Australia went from 198.9 to 190.3 Mmt, while Russia went from 164.7 to 111.4 Mmt. Comparing 2019-2024 shows that Australia remained the top exporter despite a decline in its export volume, while several other major exporters increased their volumes.

Bituminous Coal in Context

Context: Bituminous coal is a dense, black coal (45-86% carbon) with high energy content. The EIA describes it as the workhorse coal for electricity generation, industrial processes and coke production. Unlike the table which shows “how much,” this section explains “why it matters”: concentration at this level means supply, trade and energy security are tied to a handful of economies. The EIA reports bituminous coal separately from other coal types precisely because its uses and markets differ.

Bituminous Coal Exports by Country

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#	Country	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
1	Australia	198.9	191.91	191.07	196.22	182.13	190.34
2	Russia	164.71	162.87	174.97	134.5	126.71	111.42
3	Indonesia	106.58	94.48	89.42	74.96	58.29	72.2
4	South Africa	75.78	73.43	63.57	66.85	63.84	63.91
5	Colombia	69.72	66.14	54.44	54.49	41.63	43.39
6	United States	30.88	20.5	30.24	31.37	39.49	40.22
7	Kazakhstan	18.65	18.89	16.58	29.76	27.58	26.94
8	Mongolia	1.97	3.61	4.92	3.99	7.79	11.46
9	Mozambique	3.14	2.11	1.83	2.52	3.15	6.61
10	Netherlands	12.27	6	10.55	5.79	3.4	4.74
11	Canada	1.69	4.46	5.29	4.61	4.56	4.63
12	China	2.51	0.9	0.98	1.36	1.63	2.71
13	Belarus	0.8	0.98	1.25	1.21	0.97	1.02
14	Germany	0.07	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.94
15	United Kingdom	0.62	1.18	1.02	0.58	0.67	0.86
16	Botswana	0.25	0.42	0.72	0.3	0.73	0.83
17	Tanzania	0.13	0.11	0.19	1.71	1.6	0.76
18	Czech Republic	0.52	0.29	0.38	0.34	0.37	0.72
19	Spain	0.52	0.5	0.47	1.04	1.17	0.57
20	Zimbabwe	0.09	0.11	0.01	0.17	0.49	0.49
21	Poland	0.02	0.46	0.3	0.38	0.27	0.42
22	Kyrgyzstan	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.07	0.36	0.38
23	Afghanistan	1.18	0.52	0.31	1.32	0.27	0.34
24	Türkiye	0.05	0.14	0.3	0.66	0.38	0.33
25	India	0	0	0	0.14	0.24	0.18
26	New Zealand	0	0	0	0.02	0.14	0.16
27	Zambia	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.16
28	Tajikistan	0	0	0	0	0.37	0.15
29	France	0.17	0.23	0.53	0.11	0.02	0.15
30	Norway	0.08	0.05	0.08	0.08	0.06	0.11
31	Albania	0	0	0	0.03	0.13	0.11
32	Lithuania	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.15	0.08	0.08
33	Peru	0	0	0	0	0.08	0.08
34	Venezuela	0.31	0.68	0.39	0.12	0.07	0.08
35	Iran	0.07	0.02	0.09	0.14	0.2	0.02
36	Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0.02
37	Denmark	0.05	0.19	0.53	0.83	0.12	0.01
38	Italy	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.07	0.01
39	Japan	0	0	0.01	0	0	0
40	Thailand	0	0	0	0	0.06	0
41	Belgium	0.06	0.07	0.15	0.03	0.05	0
42	Ireland	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0
43	Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
44	Malaysia	0.01	0	0	0	0	0
45	Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0
46	South Korea	0	0	0	0	0	0
47	Argentina	0	0	0	0	0	0
48	Barbados	0	0	0	0	0	0
49	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0.01	0	0	0
50	Bulgaria	0	0	0	0.04	0	0
51	Egypt	0.09	0.05	0.05	0	0	0
52	Estonia	0	0	0	0	0	0
53	Eswatini	0.12	0.16	0.14	0	0	0
54	Finland	0	0	0	0	0.05	0
55	Grenada	0	0	0	0	0	0
56	Hong Kong	0	0	0	0	0	0
57	Kosovo	0	0	0	0	0	0
58	Latvia	0	0	0	0	0	0
59	Lesotho	0	0	0	0	0	0
60	Malawi	0	0	0	0	0	0
61	Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
62	Palestine	0	0	0	0	0	0
63	Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
64	Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
65	Serbia	0	0	0	0	0	0
66	Sweden	0	0	0	0	0	0
67	Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
68	United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
69	Vietnam	0	0	0	0	0	0

Methodology

The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. Values represent annual bituminous coal exports in million metric tons (Mmt). Where no value is available, the cell is left empty. A value of 0 indicates that the source reports zero. The sum of individually listed countries may differ slightly from the reported world total due to rounding. This page covers bituminous coal exports only and does not include other coal types, which are reported separately in the source.