Onions and shallots, dry (excluding dehydrated) Production by Country 2025

Onions—the tear-inducing kitchen essential—dominate global production with India leading at 31,769,000 tonnes in 2023, projected to reach 30,408,700 tonnes by 2025. with worldwide output reaching 111,273,600 tonnes in 2023 (a 0.2% decrease from 2022), China follows with 24,799,430 tonnes, while United States produces 3,347,450 tonnes. These pungent bulbs span 155 countries. Whether you're caramelizing onions, making French onion soup, or crying while chopping, onions deliver flavor foundation. From ancient Egypt to modern kitchens, onions prove that the best ingredients make you cry—in a good way!

🏆 India's Onion Power

India’s onion heartlands—Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh—delivered 30,208,000 tonnes in 2023 after a weather‑affected 2022. Storage onion infrastructure (curing sheds) and staggered kharif/rabi harvests smooth seasonality, while export bans/tariff switches tame domestic price spikes. Weighted projections place India near 29,938,300 tonnes by 2025, with volatility tied to monsoon timing and post‑harvest losses. Egypt’s steady 3.8 million tonnes and China’s 24.9 million tonnes provide global balance alongside the US processing supply.

Onions and shallots, dry (excluding dehydrated) Production by Country 2025

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#	Country	2025 (est.) (Tonne)
1	India IN	29,938,300
2	China CN	24,857,651
3	Egypt EG	3,732,033
4	United States US	3,270,241
5	Türkiye TR	2,505,000
6	Bangladesh BD	2,482,369
7	Iran IR	2,100,662
8	Pakistan PK	2,001,588
9	Indonesia ID	1,988,243
10	Algeria DZ	1,776,809
11	Mexico MX	1,649,354
12	Brazil BR	1,646,377
13	Russia RU	1,645,370
14	Netherlands NL	1,634,831
15	Nigeria NG	1,632,815
16	Sudan SD	1,630,089
17	Niger NE	1,532,829
18	Spain ES	1,266,471
19	Uzbekistan UZ	1,263,566
20	South Korea KR	1,260,443
21	Japan JP	1,186,944
22	Myanmar MM	1,042,251
23	Ukraine UA	892,305
24	Kazakhstan KZ	799,897
25	France FR	782,399
26	Morocco MA	722,438
27	Germany DE	719,008
28	South Africa ZA	681,153
29	Argentina AR	663,518
30	Tajikistan TJ	646,334
31	Poland PL	636,600
32	Colombia CO	635,907
33	Afghanistan AF	561,900
34	Peru PE	543,699
35	Senegal SN	423,732
36	Chile CL	412,379
37	Italy IT	394,830
38	Cameroon CM	366,499
39	Vietnam VN	360,721
40	Uganda UG	330,459
41	Mozambique MZ	325,289
42	United Kingdom GB	309,892
43	Zimbabwe ZW	309,835
44	Tanzania TZ	309,815
45	Saudi Arabia SA	301,885
46	Azerbaijan AZ	294,963
47	Australia AU	278,150
48	Ethiopia ET	274,824
49	Canada CA	273,335
50	Philippines PH	242,163
51	Yemen YE	237,015
52	Belarus BY	234,330
53	Kyrgyzstan KG	211,813
54	Libya LY	189,608
55	Tunisia TN	189,035
56	Venezuela VE	187,743
57	Guatemala GT	186,326
58	Belgium BE	184,322
59	Malawi MW	171,363
60	Austria AT	165,934
61	Kenya KE	161,864
62	Romania RO	158,721
63	Ghana GH	146,523
64	Bolivia BO	142,409
65	Jordan JO	118,896
66	Greece GR	116,798
67	Albania AL	112,884
68	Benin BJ	93,059
69	Turkmenistan TM	89,446
70	Dominican Republic DO	89,299
71	North Korea KP	86,306
72	Israel IL	85,265
73	Syria SY	84,329
74	Mali ML	81,213
75	Lebanon LB	79,472
76	Sri Lanka LK	71,336
77	Sweden SE	70,110
78	North Macedonia MK	63,161
79	Cuba CU	60,432
80	Portugal PT	59,840
81	Moldova MD	58,310
82	Denmark DK	56,515
83	DR Congo CD	56,200
84	Taiwan TW	54,759
85	Hungary HU	54,591
86	Czech Republic CZ	52,868
87	Iraq IQ	51,156
88	Costa Rica CR	45,385
89	Switzerland CH	41,059
90	Zambia ZM	41,008
91	Rwanda RW	37,539
92	Thailand TH	36,297
93	Armenia AM	35,260
94	Slovakia SK	35,184
95	Bulgaria BG	33,692
96	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	32,840
97	Serbia RS	31,915
98	Uruguay UY	31,465
99	Paraguay PY	31,357
100	Finland FI	30,747
101	Palestine PS	29,428
102	Namibia NA	26,310
103	Panama PA	25,416
104	Nicaragua NI	24,678
105	Lithuania LT	24,544
106	Chad TD	22,145
107	Mongolia MN	21,782
108	Oman OM	16,007
109	Honduras HN	15,615
110	Croatia HR	15,023
111	Guyana GY	14,637
112	Ecuador EC	12,806
113	Kuwait KW	12,427
114	Madagascar MG	10,828
115	Slovenia SI	9,419
116	Ireland IE	9,388
117	Haiti HT	8,760
118	Mauritius MU	8,445
119	Latvia LV	7,588
120	Malta MT	7,382
121	Georgia GE	6,830
122	Botswana BW	6,018
123	Somalia SO	5,674
124	Jamaica JM	4,491
125	Cyprus CY	4,420
126	Cape Verde CV	3,493
127	Qatar QA	2,211
128	El Salvador SV	1,521
129	Luxembourg LU	1,212
130	Bahrain BH	1,112
131	Barbados BB	1,065
132	Montenegro ME	1,015
133	Bahamas BS	832
134	Congo CG	627
135	Sao Tome and Principe ST	362
136	Bhutan BT	255
137	Estonia EE	201
138	Saint Kitts and Nevis KN	50
139	Maldives MV	40
140	Antigua and Barbuda AG	7

🌍 Universal Vegetable

China produces 24.8 million tonnes, India 23.9 million tonnes, and Egypt 3.1 million tonnes. USA contributes 3.0 million tonnes, Iran 2.4 million tonnes, and Turkey 2.2 million tonnes. Onions are most widely cultivated vegetable globally—used in virtually every cuisine. Varieties include yellow (storage), red (salads), white (Mexican cuisine), and sweet onions (Vidalia, Walla Walla). Shallots (milder, more expensive) popular in French and Asian cooking. Storage onions cure for months; sweet onions perishable.

🧅 Tear-Inducing Essential

Onions provide quercetin (antioxidant), vitamin C, and fiber at 40 calories per 100g. Sulfur compounds cause tears when cut—enzyme releases syn-propanethial-S-oxide (lachrymatory factor). Culinary uses span virtually all savory dishes—base of mirepoix, sofrito, and countless recipes. Raw in salads, caramelized for sweetness, pickled, or fried. Shallots offer milder, more complex flavor. Processing creates dehydrated onions, onion powder, and frozen diced onions. Onions' universal use makes them essential commodity.

🌱 Cool-Season Bulb

Onions thrive in cool weather (13-24°C) with 90-175 day growing season depending on variety. Day-length sensitive—long-day varieties (northern latitudes), short-day (southern). Bulb formation triggered by day length. Harvest when tops fall over. Curing (drying) essential for storage onions. Major diseases include downy mildew, pink root, and botrytis. Pests include thrips and onion maggots. Breeding programs develop disease resistance, improved storage, and reduced pungency (tearless onions!).

📊 Volatile Markets

Onion prices highly volatile—$0.20-1/kg depending on season and supply. India's onion prices politically sensitive (government monitors closely). Netherlands dominates onion exports. Retail trends favor sweet onions (less pungent), organic onions, and convenient pre-diced products. Climate change affects bulb formation timing. However, onions' universal culinary use ensures continued demand despite price volatility.

🔮 Essential Future

Global onion production projected to grow 2-3% annually through 2030, driven by population growth and universal use. Tearless onion varieties expand consumer appeal. Improved storage extends availability. Climate-adapted varieties help cope with changing day lengths. Onions' status as most widely cultivated vegetable and universal culinary essential ensure continued cultivation as indispensable ingredient.

Onions and shallots, dry (excluding dehydrated) Production by Country 2025

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#	Country	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2025 (est.)
1	India	23,262,000	22,819,000	26,091,000	26,641,000	31,687,000	30,208,000	29,938,300
2	China	24,099,958	24,189,010	24,789,746	25,098,720	24,692,492	24,860,319	24,857,651
3	Egypt	3,067,214	3,077,316	3,199,250	3,575,245	3,716,485	3,804,077	3,732,033
4	United States	3,284,420	3,170,271	3,353,500	3,295,100	3,178,368	3,315,421	3,270,241
5	Türkiye	1,930,695	2,200,000	2,280,000	2,500,000	2,350,000	2,600,000	2,505,000
6	Bangladesh	1,737,714	1,802,868	1,953,800	2,268,754	2,517,070	2,546,994	2,482,369
7	Iran	1,517,677	1,980,683	2,095,976	2,365,544	1,925,400	2,099,866	2,100,662
8	Pakistan	2,119,675	2,079,593	2,122,000	2,305,701	2,062,336	1,843,494	2,001,588
9	Indonesia	1,503,436	1,580,243	1,815,445	2,004,590	1,982,360	1,985,233	1,988,243
10	Algeria	1,399,691	1,613,729	1,665,671	1,710,595	1,759,855	1,813,467	1,776,809
11	Mexico	1,572,608	1,487,102	1,499,741	1,451,250	1,528,450	1,801,137	1,649,354
12	Brazil	1,540,191	1,560,655	1,499,618	1,638,410	1,662,368	1,639,970	1,646,377
13	Russia	1,642,106	1,669,992	1,738,165	1,542,784	1,599,256	1,714,072	1,645,370
14	Netherlands	1,264,800	1,737,650	1,701,290	1,916,440	1,496,310	1,605,300	1,634,831
15	Nigeria	1,416,960	1,464,280	1,517,270	1,534,430	1,599,296	1,692,280	1,632,815
16	Sudan	1,589,012	1,668,402	1,619,050	1,625,488	1,637,647	1,627,395	1,630,089
17	Niger	1,180,323	1,313,179	1,310,444	1,342,659	1,511,097	1,621,936	1,532,829
18	Spain	1,288,030	1,458,920	1,319,800	1,465,430	1,235,700	1,205,350	1,266,471
19	Uzbekistan	1,464,488	1,242,045	1,256,085	1,199,985	1,214,349	1,318,528	1,263,566
20	South Korea	1,520,969	1,594,450	1,168,227	1,576,752	1,195,563	1,172,848	1,260,443
21	Japan	1,155,000	1,334,000	1,357,000	1,096,000	1,219,000	1,204,087	1,186,944
22	Myanmar	1,014,209	1,032,920	1,109,561	1,025,289	1,040,489	1,050,094	1,042,251
23	Ukraine	883,920	998,130	1,033,720	1,024,360	809,760	889,010	892,305
24	Kazakhstan	813,516	660,173	715,862	763,496	802,693	812,780	799,897
25	France	505,010	710,230	727,150	884,130	781,660	742,150	782,399
26	Morocco	954,801	880,399	828,901	855,331	802,389	621,310	722,438
27	Germany	503,160	607,110	629,630	738,540	638,400	759,560	719,008
28	South Africa	726,841	748,421	726,226	733,383	678,544	661,827	681,153
29	Argentina	685,541	673,662	666,015	600,000	665,558	687,702	663,518
30	Tajikistan	680,920	641,779	630,000	650,000	640,000	648,668	646,334
31	Poland	562,870	535,400	667,800	618,100	651,100	635,300	636,600
32	Colombia	870,443	814,065	617,465	608,210	635,583	647,180	635,907
33	Afghanistan	162,761	352,725	326,006	533,000	541,000	586,000	561,900
34	Peru	643,836	636,218	604,803	602,278	515,378	537,261	543,699
35	Senegal	460,000	444,871	412,305	435,000	420,000	421,464	423,732
36	Chile	372,776	385,388	395,758	415,677	414,955	409,514	412,379
37	Italy	372,180	477,910	457,970	419,690	402,190	380,470	394,830
38	Cameroon	375,643	325,143	338,635	350,662	384,980	361,745	366,499
39	Vietnam	358,240	365,431	358,463	360,711	361,535	360,237	360,721
40	Uganda	327,796	335,554	328,008	330,453	331,338	329,933	330,459
41	Mozambique	231,189	251,079	284,465	376,104	409,742	254,292	325,289
42	United Kingdom	389,116	356,884	396,141	376,839	293,155	293,155	309,892
43	Zimbabwe	165,318	178,290	181,461	220,625	290,628	357,043	309,835
44	Tanzania	144,846	163,328	165,728	108,159	454,221	303,834	309,815
45	Saudi Arabia	71,581	86,857	259,686	297,974	310,000	298,581	301,885
46	Azerbaijan	235,470	267,229	274,884	286,375	275,195	310,259	294,963
47	Australia	278,938	290,840	281,165	295,351	305,000	255,159	278,150
48	Ethiopia	262,478	273,859	346,048	207,660	273,368	302,564	274,824
49	Canada	241,620	250,847	232,800	244,015	287,499	276,565	273,335
50	Philippines	172,666	222,082	229,539	218,047	241,033	252,487	242,163
51	Yemen	194,338	222,545	221,681	241,151	242,767	231,909	237,015
52	Belarus	215,751	195,152	211,495	220,104	236,467	238,739	234,330
53	Kyrgyzstan	209,794	201,186	213,023	204,778	209,950	215,745	211,813
54	Libya	193,170	194,020	188,910	189,500	190,961	188,839	189,608
55	Tunisia	179,354	181,213	188,174	187,900	190,235	188,769	189,035
56	Venezuela	156,333	189,404	182,179	188,424	188,976	186,730	187,743
57	Guatemala	148,447	165,245	170,962	165,245	194,655	189,762	186,326
58	Belgium	105,380	161,310	176,500	241,800	166,440	172,060	184,322
59	Malawi	171,829	171,068	171,396	171,431	171,298	171,375	171,363
60	Austria	132,200	141,650	155,290	168,660	174,790	159,530	165,934
61	Kenya	34,945	116,534	196,967	163,971	158,400	163,100	161,864
62	Romania	212,300	203,690	230,250	218,500	145,470	142,760	158,721
63	Ghana	146,020	147,390	146,124	146,511	146,675	146,437	146,523
64	Bolivia	87,372	89,975	119,734	139,661	140,082	144,904	142,409
65	Jordan	58,892	54,500	82,163	84,141	108,572	138,992	118,896
66	Greece	145,380	133,540	171,980	137,950	115,610	109,050	116,798
67	Albania	100,034	109,368	104,333	108,276	108,913	117,110	112,884
68	Benin	23,527	66,904	77,362	88,924	92,738	94,906	93,059
69	Turkmenistan	88,175	89,697	89,725	89,199	89,541	89,489	89,446
70	Dominican Republic	59,102	68,426	68,034	71,616	74,295	105,376	89,299
71	North Korea	85,980	86,023	86,268	86,199	86,282	86,364	86,306
72	Israel	85,225	73,898	84,890	86,271	86,544	84,096	85,265
73	Syria	73,922	78,294	76,700	79,776	62,635	99,167	84,329
74	Mali	80,757	79,663	79,655	82,635	80,651	80,980	81,213
75	Lebanon	93,340	81,400	69,160	81,810	89,575	72,474	79,472
76	Sri Lanka	89,120	76,845	108,892	119,690	67,268	54,435	71,336
77	Sweden	52,980	54,870	69,160	68,050	69,150	71,510	70,110
78	North Macedonia	59,030	59,314	63,447	63,861	66,246	61,030	63,161
79	Cuba	89,535	85,069	56,772	55,486	59,343	63,063	60,432
80	Portugal	54,090	62,330	70,990	66,150	60,500	56,920	59,840
81	Moldova	43,919	49,878	48,746	44,952	53,364	66,620	58,310
82	Denmark	41,240	42,260	43,290	58,140	54,340	57,170	56,515
83	DR Congo	55,998	56,002	56,103	56,211	56,203	56,195	56,200
84	Taiwan	75,768	57,974	63,844	58,642	47,186	57,750	54,759
85	Hungary	39,380	48,520	54,140	50,290	51,410	58,220	54,591
86	Czech Republic	36,700	44,610	52,860	52,040	44,000	58,520	52,868
87	Iraq	13,024	29,471	65,829	74,177	75,469	27,360	51,156
88	Costa Rica	28,403	27,783	36,546	41,863	45,392	46,789	45,385
89	Switzerland	42,877	40,317	43,636	37,609	47,258	38,720	41,059
90	Zambia	39,930	40,199	40,761	41,401	40,787	40,983	41,008
91	Rwanda	14,420	40,742	34,297	37,239	41,457	35,308	37,539
92	Thailand	36,270	36,538	36,147	36,318	36,335	36,267	36,297
93	Armenia	39,279	37,008	43,758	29,014	34,689	38,102	35,260
94	Slovakia	27,630	33,190	39,570	37,580	35,660	33,940	35,184
95	Bulgaria	41,800	31,380	28,440	29,870	27,460	38,960	33,692
96	Bosnia and Herzegovina	38,068	40,398	45,836	37,154	25,844	35,312	32,840
97	Serbia	27,967	29,588	33,011	37,295	35,031	27,893	31,915
98	Uruguay	31,378	31,824	31,603	31,237	31,412	31,587	31,465
99	Paraguay	31,671	31,517	31,498	31,401	31,366	31,334	31,357
100	Finland	23,300	31,440	29,800	29,050	30,290	31,700	30,747
101	Palestine	28,450	28,620	28,720	30,880	29,195	28,987	29,428
102	Namibia	26,171	26,613	26,159	26,314	26,362	26,278	26,310
103	Panama	15,469	14,228	21,966	28,528	25,321	24,229	25,416
104	Nicaragua	29,328	29,641	20,664	22,654	23,224	26,360	24,678
105	Lithuania	20,240	23,910	26,340	19,650	26,430	25,370	24,544
106	Chad	22,039	22,337	22,056	22,144	22,179	22,126	22,145
107	Mongolia	14,095	9,515	11,354	20,366	17,316	25,029	21,782
108	Oman	9,274	9,163	14,376	14,744	14,866	17,197	16,007
109	Honduras	14,585	15,032	15,650	15,546	15,657	15,617	15,615
110	Croatia	21,100	18,270	16,350	16,170	12,480	16,090	15,023
111	Guyana	2,651	2,711	2,446	12,135	15,061	15,383	14,637
112	Ecuador	34,035	42,455	22,184	12,191	17,542	10,210	12,806
113	Kuwait	6,631	7,120	11,290	9,680	8,870	15,660	12,427
114	Madagascar	10,792	10,877	10,809	10,826	10,837	10,824	10,828
115	Slovenia	9,930	10,450	12,370	10,830	8,360	9,490	9,419
116	Ireland	4,190	10,290	11,750	10,090	10,900	8,200	9,388
117	Haiti	8,809	8,724	8,766	8,767	8,752	8,762	8,760
118	Mauritius	4,511	4,642	5,169	7,322	9,198	8,443	8,445
119	Latvia	8,000	7,610	11,700	6,300	7,910	7,910	7,588
120	Malta	8,810	8,030	6,690	7,310	7,300	7,460	7,382
121	Georgia	8,900	8,900	11,600	8,400	5,500	7,000	6,830
122	Botswana	7,916	9,007	7,808	6,502	4,552	6,704	6,018
123	Somalia	5,808	5,534	5,720	5,688	5,647	5,685	5,674
124	Jamaica	827	1,637	1,757	2,355	3,257	6,086	4,491
125	Cyprus	4,050	4,670	4,480	4,970	4,120	4,380	4,420
126	Cape Verde	2,568	3,167	2,962	5,040	3,760	2,715	3,493
127	Qatar	1,597	2,546	2,671	1,529	2,085	2,560	2,211
128	El Salvador	1,538	1,423	2,503	1,120	1,511	1,687	1,521
129	Luxembourg	300	730	780	820	1,160	1,400	1,212
130	Bahrain	150	150	210	1,080	1,120	1,120	1,112
131	Barbados	411	762	604	504	1,486	1,038	1,065
132	Montenegro	1,200	1,136	1,018	1,035	1,015	1,007	1,015
133	Bahamas	833	829	833	832	831	832	832
134	Congo	611	617	626	631	625	627	627
135	Sao Tome and Principe	361	361	361	362	362	363	362
136	Bhutan	305	155	216	419	265	184	255
137	Estonia	70	190	130	250	120	230	201
138	Saint Kitts and Nevis	13	80	70	75	46	42	50
139	Maldives	39	39	39	40	40	40	40
140	Antigua and Barbuda	56	63	30	5	8	6	7