Subbituminous Coal Consumption by Country

Subbituminous coal consumption by country measures the amount of subbituminous coal consumed in each country, measured in million metric tons (Mmt) per year. Subbituminous coal ranks between lignite and bituminous coal and has a lower energy density than bituminous coal. It is commonly used for power generation, particularly in countries with large domestic deposits. The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. The table covers 97 countries with a reported 2024 value and includes data from 2019 to 2024. The world total stood at 1,761.0 Mmt in 2024, up from 1,662.6 Mmt in 2023.

The map highlights where subbituminous coal consumption was most concentrated in 2024, while the table below provides the complete 2019-2024 series. The figures show a highly concentrated global market, with a small number of countries accounting for most consumption.

Subbituminous Coal Consumption by Country

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#	Country	2024 (Mmt)
1	India IN	982.75
2	Indonesia ID	242.65
3	United States US	195.34
4	Russia RU	72.51
5	Philippines PH	44.18
6	China CN	44.12
7	Malaysia MY	36.96
8	Australia AU	21.48
9	Vietnam VN	19.38
10	Bangladesh BD	15.81
11	Thailand TH	12.05
12	Taiwan TW	10.14
13	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	7.26
14	Cambodia KH	6.1
15	Japan JP	5.89
16	Germany DE	5.66
17	Kazakhstan KZ	5.18
18	Mexico MX	5.14
19	Canada CA	4.65
20	Netherlands NL	4.34
21	Brazil BR	2.93
22	New Zealand NZ	2.12
23	South Korea KR	1.99
24	North Korea KP	1.52
25	Poland PL	1.37
26	Nepal NP	1.19
27	Türkiye TR	1.14
28	Puerto Rico PR	0.85
29	Pakistan PK	0.83
30	Myanmar MM	0.8
31	Uzbekistan UZ	0.69
32	South Africa ZA	0.58
33	United Arab Emirates AE	0.57
34	Singapore SG	0.48
35	France FR	0.36
36	Ethiopia ET	0.29
37	Mongolia MN	0.25
38	Bhutan BT	0.23
39	Slovenia SI	0.21
40	Romania RO	0.19
41	Serbia RS	0.15
42	Sweden SE	0.11
43	Belgium BE	0.11
44	Egypt EG	0.1
45	Rwanda RW	0.09
46	Eswatini SZ	0.08
47	Colombia CO	0.06
48	Austria AT	0.03
49	Ghana GH	0.03
50	Cyprus CY	0.02
51	Syria SY	0.01
52	Saudi Arabia SA	0.01
53	North Macedonia MK	0
54	Lithuania LT	0
55	Chile CL	0
56	Lebanon LB	0
57	Fiji FJ	0
58	Afghanistan AF	0
59	Albania AL	0
60	Argentina AR	0
61	Armenia AM	0
62	Azerbaijan AZ	0
63	Belarus BY	0
64	Bermuda BM	0
65	Botswana BW	0
66	Bulgaria BG	0
67	Burundi BI	0
68	DR Congo CD	0
69	Croatia HR	0
70	Cuba CU	0
71	Ecuador EC	0
72	Estonia EE	0
73	Georgia GE	0
74	Hungary HU	0
75	Ireland IE	0
76	Italy IT	0
77	Jordan JO	0
78	Kuwait KW	0
79	Kyrgyzstan KG	0
80	Lesotho LS	0
81	Madagascar MG	0
82	Malawi MW	0
83	Malta MT	0
84	Moldova MD	0
85	Niger NE	0
86	Oman OM	0
87	Panama PA	0
88	Slovakia SK	0
89	Spain ES	0
90	Sri Lanka LK	0
91	Switzerland CH	0
92	Tanzania TZ	0
93	Trinidad and Tobago TT	0
94	Tunisia TN	0
95	Ukraine UA	0
96	Zambia ZM	0
97	Zimbabwe ZW	0

India was the largest consumer of subbituminous coal in 2024, accounting for about 56 percent of the world total. Indonesia ranked second with 242.6 Mmt, followed by the United States with 195.3 Mmt. India and Indonesia together accounted for about 70 percent of global consumption, while the top three accounted for about 81 percent. India's consumption was about 4.1 times that of Indonesia.

Who Leads Subbituminous Coal Consumption?

India was the largest consumer in 2024 at 982.7 Mmt, followed by Indonesia at 242.6 Mmt and the United States at 195.3 Mmt. Russia ranked fourth with 72.5 Mmt, followed by the Philippines at 44.2 Mmt, China at 44.1 Mmt and Malaysia at 37.0 Mmt. The top five countries — India, Indonesia, the United States, Russia and the Philippines — accounted for about 87 percent of the world total. This concentration means that changes in a relatively small number of countries have a major effect on global subbituminous coal consumption.

Where Is Subbituminous Coal Consumption Concentrated?

Asia accounted for the largest concentrations of subbituminous coal consumption, led by India and Indonesia. The Philippines, China, Malaysia, Vietnam and Bangladesh were also among the significant consumers in the region. In Europe, Russia was by far the largest consumer in the dataset, with Germany a distant second.

In North America, the United States was by far the largest consumer, with Canada and Mexico reporting much smaller volumes. In South America, Brazil was the largest consumer among the listed countries. In Africa, South Africa was the largest consumer, although its reported consumption fell sharply over the period. Oceania was led by Australia, with New Zealand also reporting consumption.

How Concentrated Is Global Consumption?

Subbituminous coal consumption was highly concentrated in 2024. The top three countries accounted for about 81 percent of the world total, while the top five accounted for about 87 percent. The top ten accounted for about 95 percent, leaving less than 5 percent of global consumption among the other 87 countries in the dataset.

What Changed Most Recently?

Indonesia recorded the largest increase in 2023-2024, with consumption rising from 186.9 Mmt to 242.6 Mmt, an increase of 55.8 Mmt or about 29.9 percent. India followed with an increase of 36.1 Mmt, while Russia rose by 15.3 Mmt. These increases more than offset declines in several other countries.

The United States recorded the largest decline, falling from 213.5 Mmt in 2023 to 195.3 Mmt in 2024, a decrease of 18.1 Mmt or about 8.5 percent. South Africa also recorded a substantial decline, falling from 6.2 Mmt to 0.6 Mmt. Overall, global subbituminous coal consumption increased by 98.4 Mmt, or about 5.9 percent, reaching 1,761.0 Mmt in 2024.

How Has Subbituminous Coal Consumption Changed Since 2019?

Global subbituminous coal consumption increased from 1,403.3 Mmt in 2019 to 1,761.0 Mmt in 2024, an overall increase of about 25.5 percent. Consumption fell to a low of 1,298.1 Mmt during the period before recovering strongly.

India remained the dominant consumer, increasing from 736.4 Mmt in 2019 to 982.7 Mmt in 2024, an increase of about 33.4 percent. Indonesia recorded an even sharper rise, from 73.8 Mmt to 242.6 Mmt, more than tripling its consumption. The United States moved in the opposite direction, falling from 285.5 Mmt in 2019 to 195.3 Mmt in 2024.

Subbituminous Coal in Context

Subbituminous coal has a lower energy density than bituminous coal but generally a higher energy content than lignite. Because transporting lower-energy coal over long distances can be less economical, subbituminous coal is often consumed relatively close to producing regions, particularly in power generation.

The consumption pattern in this dataset reflects the importance of domestic coal resources and electricity demand. India and Indonesia together accounted for about 70 percent of global subbituminous coal consumption in 2024, making developments in these two countries especially important to the global total. The EIA reports subbituminous coal separately from other coal types because differences in coal rank affect its energy content, uses and trade patterns.

Subbituminous Coal Consumption by Country

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#	Country	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
1	India	736.37	711.48	715.22	833.64	946.61	982.75
2	Indonesia	73.85	70.09	68.34	171.01	186.85	242.65
3	United States	285.47	213.92	260.78	256.58	213.48	195.34
4	Russia	48.17	51.7	55.08	49.87	57.23	72.51
5	Philippines	26.75	28.19	30.76	33.54	39.65	44.18
6	China	34.78	35.79	55.56	36.91	42.16	44.12
7	Malaysia	30.86	30.66	30.24	24.57	26.79	36.96
8	Australia	23.55	25.01	23.92	23.84	24.88	21.48
9	Vietnam	13.07	17.2	17.02	17.29	20.67	19.38
10	Bangladesh	4.51	5.61	6.16	4.45	12.09	15.81
11	Thailand	11.99	13.44	10.99	12.21	10.64	12.05
12	Taiwan	10.23	10.9	10.02	10.7	10.52	10.14
13	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3.66	4.05	4.36	6.15	7.19	7.26
14	Cambodia	2.51	2.36	2.66	2.1	4.35	6.1
15	Japan	8.48	8	7.9	5.97	6.38	5.89
16	Germany	9.81	7.61	8.53	6.64	5.15	5.66
17	Kazakhstan	4.44	4.77	4.25	3.16	4.69	5.18
18	Mexico	6.76	4.82	4.44	6.14	4.38	5.14
19	Canada	11.01	6.79	8.36	4.56	4.83	4.65
20	Netherlands	4.8	1.9	4.36	2.94	4.93	4.34
21	Brazil	4.09	3.16	4.78	3.56	3.26	2.93
22	New Zealand	2.24	2.21	2.75	1.73	1.47	2.12
23	South Korea	1.87	1.83	2.04	3.59	1.89	1.99
24	North Korea	1.79	1.69	1.38	1.43	1.45	1.52
25	Poland	1.91	2.05	1.45	1.44	1.62	1.37
26	Nepal	0.67	0.8	0.53	0.8	0.87	1.19
27	Türkiye	2.19	2.13	2.29	1.79	1.86	1.14
28	Puerto Rico	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.85
29	Pakistan	2.87	2.89	3.38	2.85	3.07	0.83
30	Myanmar	0.98	0.64	0.92	0.99	0.33	0.8
31	Uzbekistan	0.53	0.86	0.7	0.62	0.54	0.69
32	South Africa	20.95	18.22	16.39	12.24	6.23	0.58
33	United Arab Emirates	0.17	0.06	0.1	0	0.45	0.57
34	Singapore	0.73	0.69	0.74	0.57	0.59	0.48
35	France	1.62	1.4	1.15	1.25	0.59	0.36
36	Ethiopia	0.6	0.53	0.46	0.28	0.54	0.29
37	Mongolia	0.06	0.06	0.17	0.07	0.24	0.25
38	Bhutan	0.2	0.19	0.23	0.22	0	0.23
39	Slovenia	0.01	0.01	0	0.32	0.28	0.21
40	Romania	0.47	0.15	0.19	0.55	0.29	0.19
41	Serbia	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.18	0.15
42	Sweden	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.11
43	Belgium	0.09	0.09	0.07	0.09	0.1	0.11
44	Egypt	0.02	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.02	0.1
45	Rwanda	0	0	0	0.04	0.12	0.09
46	Eswatini	0.11	0.11	0.18	0.04	0.11	0.08
47	Colombia	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.06
48	Austria	1.74	1.84	1.86	0.71	0.67	0.03
49	Ghana	0.05	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.03	0.03
50	Cyprus	0	0	0	0	0	0.02
51	Syria	0	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
52	Saudi Arabia	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01
53	North Macedonia	0.12	0.1	0.11	0.05	0.03	0
54	Lithuania	0	0	0	0.02	0.02	0
55	Chile	0.66	0.07	0.06	0.13	0.06	0
56	Lebanon	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.03	0	0
57	Fiji	0	0	0	0	0	0
58	Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0.01	0
59	Albania	0.02	0	0	0	0	0
60	Argentina	0.01	0.01	0.01	0	0	0
61	Armenia	0	0	0	0	0	0
62	Azerbaijan	0	0	0	0	0	0
63	Belarus	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.09	0.01	0
64	Bermuda	0	0	0	0	0	0
65	Botswana	0	0	0.03	0.01	0.01	0
66	Bulgaria	0	0	0.01	0	0	0
67	Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0
68	DR Congo	0	0	0	0	0	0
69	Croatia	0.03	0.06	0.06	0.01	0.03	0
70	Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
71	Ecuador	0	0	0	0	0	0
72	Estonia	0	0	0	0	0	0
73	Georgia	0	0.08	0.16	0.09	0	0
74	Hungary	0.22	0.12	0.1	0.09	0.06	0
75	Ireland	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.12	0.13	0
76	Italy	0.45	0.08	0	0	0	0
77	Jordan	0.1	0.2	0.17	0.21	0.1	0
78	Kuwait	0	0	0	0	0	0
79	Kyrgyzstan	0.24	0.05	0.04	0.12	0.27	0
80	Lesotho	0	0	0	0	0.02	0
81	Madagascar	0	0	0	0	0	0
82	Malawi	0	0	0	0	0	0
83	Malta	0	0	0	0	0	0
84	Moldova	0.01	0	0	0	0	0
85	Niger	0.23	0.24	0.22	0.2	0.19	0
86	Oman	0	0	0	0	0	0
87	Panama	0	0	0	0	0	0
88	Slovakia	0.18	0.16	0.18	0.09	0.37	0
89	Spain	2.88	0.55	0.55	0.81	0.71	0
90	Sri Lanka	0.22	0.11	0.23	0.12	0.09	0
91	Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0
92	Tanzania	0	0	0	0	0	0
93	Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
94	Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
95	Ukraine	0.63	0.08	0.09	0.03	0.02	0
96	Zambia	0	0	0.02	0	0	0
97	Zimbabwe	0	0	0	0	0	0

Methodology

The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. Values represent annual subbituminous coal consumption in million metric tons (Mmt). Where no value is available, the cell is left empty. A value of 0 indicates that the source reports zero consumption. The sum of individually listed countries may differ slightly from the reported world total due to rounding. This page covers subbituminous coal consumption only and does not include other coal types, which are reported separately in the source.