Almond Production By Country (2025) (in-shell)

The global almond market represents one of the most dynamic sectors in tree nut production, with 2025 estimates showing significant concentration among leading producers while revealing emerging trends across traditional and new growing regions.

Dominant Producer

United States maintains overwhelming market dominance with 1,760,000 tonnes projected for 2025, representing approximately 52% of total measured production. California's Central Valley continues to drive this output, though production has shown volatility—ranging from 1,721,380 tonnes (2018) to a peak of 2,345,070 tonnes (2020) before stabilizing around 1.76-1.79 million tonnes. This fluctuation reflects weather variability, water availability challenges, and market dynamics affecting California's almond industry.

Almond Production By Country (2025) (in-shell)

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#	Country	2025(est.)	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
1	United States	1,760,000	1,721,380	1,913,160	2,345,070	2,204,370	1,869,160	1,791,690
2	Spain	310,000	339,030	340,420	416,950	365,210	245,990	297,660
3	Australia	300,000	173,000	212,000	258,000	316,000	365,000	260,000
4	Türkiye	175,000	100,000	150,000	159,187	178,000	190,000	170,000
5	Morocco	155,000	117,270	102,185	134,436	169,255	175,763	146,059
6	Syria	110,000	98,446	80,258	123,017	87,768	31,617	135,433
7	Iran	98,000	200,882	177,015	140,112	100,049	88,561	102,414
8	Italy	78,000	79,800	77,300	80,520	71,620	74,590	77,680
9	Portugal	72,000	21,640	32,300	31,610	41,450	46,220	69,510
10	Tunisia	72,000	68,000	75,000	62,000	66,000	70,000	70,939
11	Algeria	71,000	57,213	72,412	60,832	55,448	66,232	69,638
12	Afghanistan	69,000	34,413	38,205	39,307	64,256	63,515	67,000
13	Chile	47,000	40,788	42,588	45,022	46,666	48,095	45,891
14	Greece	38,000	26,710	21,950	28,240	26,790	39,680	36,730
15	Libya	36,000	37,470	38,420	34,690	34,600	33,916	35,824
16	China	30,000	86,000	90,000	88,000	84,000	104,000	10,000
17	Lebanon	29,000	32,970	34,340	29,420	25,940	25,782	29,309
18	Uzbekistan	28,500	19,446	21,411	31,202	27,896	30,945	28,262
19	Pakistan	17,000	19,994	20,027	21,094	18,570	18,106	17,380
20	Yemen	13,500	10,483	11,340	12,466	13,214	13,115	13,405
21	Israel	10,700	8,503	10,006	9,228	10,028	10,803	10,503
22	Azerbaijan	4,500	1,037	916	1,469	3,116	5,318	4,236
23	Palestine	3,550	3,500	3,671	3,607	3,378	3,460	3,512
24	Tajikistan	3,200	3,166	3,154	3,175	3,197	3,190	3,182
25	Jordan	2,800	1,685	1,409	1,403	1,535	1,848	2,652
26	France	2,200	1,130	1,130	2,060	1,940	2,520	2,130
27	Burkina Faso	1,950	2,200	1,841	1,914	1,985	1,913	1,937
28	Kyrgyzstan	1,725	1,636	1,624	1,703	1,703	1,711	1,719
29	Ivory Coast	1,680	1,723	1,662	1,679	1,688	1,676	1,681
30	Eswatini	1,070	1,037	1,045	1,054	1,047	1,055	1,063
31	Turkmenistan	1,040	1,006	1,013	1,026	1,040	1,038	1,037
32	Georgia	950	939	944	955	938	944	949
33	Argentina	725	684	681	706	710	715	720
34	Bulgaria	650	1,290	720	470	830	960	620
35	Moldova	650	657	639	656	651	649	652
36	North Macedonia	500	574	568	801	633	801	411
37	Iraq	430	428	424	429	433	431	430
38	Cyprus	420	350	340	470	360	420	420
39	United Arab Emirates	380	700	1,337	440	135	136	385
40	Hungary	360	110	130	130	190	410	350
41	Croatia	130	60	250	780	70	130	130
42	Qatar	130	0	0	0	37	71	118
43	Saudi Arabia	125	0	0	105	111	118	118
44	Kazakhstan	102	103	103	103	101	102	102
45	Mexico	48	47	48	48	48	48	48
46	Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	85	84	80	75	18	36
47	Nepal	8	8	8	8	8	8	8

Major European Producers

Spain ranks second globally with 310,000 tonnes estimated for 2025, showing significant recovery after a sharp decline to 245,990 tonnes in 2022. Spanish production has ranged from 310,000 to 416,950 tonnes (2020 peak) during the analyzed period, reflecting both expansion efforts and climate-related variability affecting Mediterranean agriculture.

Italy maintains stable production around 78,000 tonnes for 2025, with minimal variation between 71,620-80,520 tonnes since 2018. Italy's consistent output reflects established orchards and traditional cultivation practices, primarily in Sicily and Puglia.

Portugal shows remarkable growth trajectory, projecting 72,000 tonnes for 2025—more than triple its 2018 output of 21,640 tonnes. This dramatic expansion positions Portugal as one of Europe's fastest-growing almond producers, driven by investment in modern orchards and favorable agricultural policies.

Greece estimates 38,000 tonnes for 2025, recovering from a low of 21,950 tonnes in 2019. Greek production volatility reflects both traditional small-scale cultivation patterns and weather sensitivity in Mediterranean growing regions.

Oceania

Australia projects 300,000 tonnes for 2025, representing one of the industry's most dramatic growth stories. From 173,000 tonnes in 2018, Australian production surged to 365,000 tonnes in 2022 before moderating. Australia's efficient irrigation systems and modern orchard management have positioned it as a major global supplier, particularly to Asian markets.

Middle East and North Africa

Morocco emerges as a significant producer with 155,000 tonnes estimated for 2025, showing substantial growth from 117,270 tonnes in 2018 and peaking at 175,763 tonnes in 2022. Morocco's expansion reflects government-supported agricultural development and favorable growing conditions.

Turkey projects 175,000 tonnes for 2025, demonstrating strong growth from 100,000 tonnes in 2018 and reaching 190,000 tonnes in 2022. Turkey's diverse microclimates support expanding almond cultivation across multiple regions.

Iran estimates 98,000 tonnes for 2025, showing dramatic decline from 200,882 tonnes in 2018. Economic challenges and water scarcity have impacted Iranian production, which peaked at over 200,000 tonnes before recent reductions.

Tunisia maintains stable production around 72,000 tonnes, while Algeria projects 71,000 tonnes for 2025, recovering from fluctuations between 55,448-72,412 tonnes during the period.

Syria shows extreme volatility with 110,000 tonnes estimated for 2025, ranging from 31,617 tonnes (2022) to 135,433 tonnes (2023), reflecting ongoing conflict impacts and agricultural disruption.

Lebanon estimates 29,000 tonnes, down from 34,340 tonnes in 2019, facing economic and agricultural challenges.

South America

Chile projects 47,000 tonnes for 2025, showing steady growth from 40,788 tonnes in 2018. Chile's modern agricultural sector and export orientation support continued expansion in almond production.

Argentina maintains minimal production around 725 tonnes, representing small-scale cultivation primarily for domestic markets.

Asia-Pacific

China shows dramatic decline to 30,000 tonnes estimated for 2025, down from peaks of 104,000 tonnes (2022) and 90,000 tonnes (2019). This reduction may reflect land-use changes, water constraints, or shifts toward importing rather than producing almonds domestically.

Pakistan estimates 17,000 tonnes, down from peaks around 21,000 tonnes, while Uzbekistan projects 28,500 tonnes for 2025.

Afghanistan shows remarkable recovery with 69,000 tonnes estimated for 2025, surging from 34,413 tonnes in 2018 to 64,256 tonnes in 2021, despite ongoing challenges.

Emerging and Small Producers

Multiple countries maintain small-scale production: Israel (10,700 tonnes), Yemen (13,500 tonnes), Palestine (3,550 tonnes), Jordan (2,800 tonnes), Tajikistan (3,200 tonnes), Kyrgyzstan (1,725 tonnes), and various others contributing to regional supply diversity.

Market Outlook

Total measured global production approaches 3.36 million tonnes for 2025, with the USA, Spain, and Australia collectively accounting for approximately 62% of output. The market shows clear bifurcation between industrial-scale producers (USA, Australia, Spain) and traditional cultivation regions (Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Asia).

Key trends include water scarcity challenges affecting Mediterranean and Middle Eastern producers, rapid expansion in Australia and Portugal driven by modern agriculture investment, volatility in conflict-affected regions like Syria, and China's shift from production toward imports. The industry faces ongoing challenges related to climate variability, water availability, and global market price fluctuations that influence planting decisions.