Anthracite Coal Exports by Country

Anthracite coal exports by country measures the amount of anthracite exported by each country, measured in million metric tons (Mmt) per year. Anthracite is a high-rank coal with a high carbon content and is used in heating, industrial applications, and some steelmaking processes. The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. The table covers 85 countries with a reported 2024 value and includes data from 2019 to 2024. The world total stood at 28.456 Mmt in 2024, down from 36.904 Mmt in 2023.

The map highlights where anthracite exports are most concentrated in 2024, while the table below provides the full 2019-2024 series. The analysis below highlights the countries and changes that stand out most clearly in the data.

Anthracite Coal Exports by Country

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#	Country	2024 (Mmt)
1	Russia RU	19.02
2	China CN	3.33
3	Peru PE	1.69
4	Indonesia ID	1.25
5	South Africa ZA	0.83
6	Vietnam VN	0.67
7	United States US	0.63
8	Laos LA	0.3
9	Netherlands NL	0.2
10	Mongolia MN	0.19
11	Spain ES	0.09
12	United Kingdom GB	0.08
13	Belgium BE	0.07
14	India IN	0.03
15	Romania RO	0.02
16	Türkiye TR	0.02
17	Germany DE	0.01
18	Colombia CO	0.01
19	Egypt EG	0.01
20	Eswatini SZ	0
21	Poland PL	0
22	Slovenia SI	0
23	Canada CA	0
24	Botswana BW	0
25	Mexico MX	0
26	Czech Republic CZ	0
27	Taiwan TW	0
28	Thailand TH	0
29	Saudi Arabia SA	0
30	Switzerland CH	0
31	Afghanistan AF	0
32	Malaysia MY	0
33	Singapore SG	0
34	South Korea KR	0
35	Armenia AM	0
36	Brazil BR	0
37	Australia AU	0
38	Tunisia TN	0
39	Kenya KE	0
40	Morocco MA	0
41	Uzbekistan UZ	0
42	Austria AT	0
43	Japan JP	0
44	Latvia LV	0
45	Zimbabwe ZW	0
46	Serbia RS	0
47	Albania AL	0
48	Bahrain BH	0
49	Bangladesh BD	0
50	Barbados BB	0
51	Belarus BY	0
52	Bulgaria BG	0
53	DR Congo CD	0
54	Costa Rica CR	0
55	Cuba CU	0
56	Cyprus CY	0
57	Denmark DK	0
58	Ecuador EC	0
59	Estonia EE	0
60	Finland FI	0
61	France FR	0
62	Georgia GE	0
63	Greece GR	0
64	Hungary HU	0
65	Ireland IE	0
66	Israel IL	0
67	Kuwait KW	0
68	Lebanon LB	0
69	Lesotho LS	0
70	Lithuania LT	0
71	Luxembourg LU	0
72	Malta MT	0
73	Montenegro ME	0
74	Mozambique MZ	0
75	Namibia NA	0
76	New Zealand NZ	0
77	Norway NO	0
78	Pakistan PK	0
79	Portugal PT	0
80	Sweden SE	0
81	Tajikistan TJ	0
82	Tanzania TZ	0
83	Togo TG	0
84	US Virgin Islands VI	0
85	Ukraine UA	0

Russia alone accounted for about 67% of the world total in 2024, while Russia and China together accounted for about 79%. The top three countries accounted for about 84%, the top five for about 92%, and the top ten for about 99%. Russia's anthracite exports were about 5.7 times China's, making the gap between the leading exporter and the second-largest exporter particularly large.

Who Leads Anthracite Coal Exports?

Russia was the largest anthracite exporter in 2024, with 19.021 Mmt, followed by China with 3.331 Mmt. Peru ranked third with 1.687 Mmt, followed by Indonesia with 1.254 Mmt and South Africa with 0.829 Mmt. Vietnam and the United States followed with 0.673 Mmt and 0.629 Mmt, respectively. The top five countries — Russia, China, Peru, Indonesia, and South Africa — accounted for about 92% of the world total, leaving about 8% for the remaining 80 countries. This high concentration means that changes in a small number of major exporters can have a substantial effect on the global total.

Where Anthracite Is Concentrated

Anthracite exports were highly concentrated in 2024. The top ten exporters accounted for about 98.8% of the world total, leaving about 1.2% for the other 75 countries. Russia was by far the largest exporter, while China, Peru, and Indonesia were the next largest exporters. The United States was the largest reported exporter in North America, although its volume was much smaller than that of the leading exporters in Eurasia and South America.

What Changed Most Recently? (2023-2024)

China recorded the largest increase among the major exporters, rising from 2.441 Mmt in 2023 to 3.331 Mmt in 2024, an increase of 0.890 Mmt, or about 36.5%. Indonesia increased by 0.628 Mmt, while Peru rose by 0.509 Mmt. Russia recorded the largest decline, falling from 26.883 Mmt to 19.021 Mmt, a decrease of 7.862 Mmt. Overall, the world total fell by 8.448 Mmt, or about 22.9%, to 28.456 Mmt. These changes show that the decline in global anthracite exports was driven primarily by the sharp reduction in Russian exports, despite increases in several other major exporting countries.

How Has Anthracite Evolved Since 2019?

The reported world total declined from 41.338 Mmt in 2019 to 28.456 Mmt in 2024, with 2024 representing the low point of the period. Russia's exports fell from 26.185 Mmt in 2019 to 19.021 Mmt in 2024, while China's increased from 2.004 Mmt to 3.331 Mmt. Peru also increased substantially, from 0.473 Mmt to 1.687 Mmt, while Indonesia went from no reported exports in 2019 to 1.254 Mmt in 2024. Overall, Russia remained the dominant exporter throughout the period, and its share of global anthracite exports increased despite the decline in its export volume.

Anthracite in Context

Anthracite is a high-rank coal distinguished by its high carbon content and low volatile matter. It is used in heating and industrial applications and has specialized uses in some metallurgical processes. Its relatively limited availability and the concentration of exports among a small number of countries make international trade patterns particularly sensitive to changes in production and export activity in major supplier countries.

Anthracite Coal Exports by Country

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#	Country	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
1	Russia	26.19	25.41	25.89	26.23	26.88	19.02
2	China	2	1.34	1.5	2.11	2.44	3.33
3	Peru	0.47	0.34	0.43	1.16	1.18	1.69
4	Indonesia	0	0	0	0.21	0.63	1.25
5	South Africa	1.73	1.26	1.29	1.1	0.69	0.83
6	Vietnam	1.14	0.89	0.97	1.02	0.8	0.67
7	United States	0.29	0.3	0.33	0.48	0.7	0.63
8	Laos	0.01	0.2	0.47	0.55	0.79	0.3
9	Netherlands	0.14	0.15	0.3	0.05	0.14	0.2
10	Mongolia	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.19
11	Spain	0.87	1.35	0.13	0.15	0.12	0.09
12	United Kingdom	0.11	0.13	0.11	0.1	0.31	0.08
13	Belgium	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.24	0.1	0.07
14	India	0.01	0.01	0	0	0.02	0.03
15	Romania	0	0	0	0.02	0.02	0.02
16	Türkiye	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.02
17	Germany	0.07	0.05	0.13	0.13	0.03	0.01
18	Colombia	0	0	0	0	0.11	0.01
19	Egypt	0	0	0	0	0.07	0.01
20	Eswatini	0	0	0	0	0	0
21	Poland	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.13	0.01	0
22	Slovenia	0.01	0	0	0	0	0
23	Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0
24	Botswana	0	0	0	0	0	0
25	Mexico	0.01	0	0	0	0	0
26	Czech Republic	0	0	0	0	0	0
27	Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
28	Thailand	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.01	0
29	Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
30	Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0
31	Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
32	Malaysia	0	0	0	0	0	0
33	Singapore	0	0	0	0	0	0
34	South Korea	0	0	0	0	0	0
35	Armenia	0	0	0	0	0	0
36	Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
37	Australia	7.89	7.01	6.9	5.2	1.68	0
38	Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
39	Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
40	Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
41	Uzbekistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
42	Austria	0	0	0	0	0	0
43	Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
44	Latvia	0	0	0	0	0	0
45	Zimbabwe	0	0	0	0	0	0
46	Serbia	0	0	0	0	0	0
47	Albania	0	0	0	0	0	0
48	Bahrain	0	0	0	0	0	0
49	Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
50	Barbados	0	0	0	0	0	0
51	Belarus	0.15	0.17	0	0	0	0
52	Bulgaria	0	0.01	0	0	0	0
53	DR Congo	0	0	0	0	0	0
54	Costa Rica	0	0	0	0	0	0
55	Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
56	Cyprus	0	0	0	0	0	0
57	Denmark	0	0	0	0	0	0
58	Ecuador	0	0	0	0	0	0
59	Estonia	0	0	0	0	0	0
60	Finland	0	0	0	0	0	0
61	France	0	0	0	0	0	0
62	Georgia	0	0	0	0	0	0
63	Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
64	Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
65	Ireland	0	0	0	0	0	0
66	Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
67	Kuwait	0	0	0	0	0	0
68	Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
69	Lesotho	0	0	0	0	0	0
70	Lithuania	0	0	0	0	0	0
71	Luxembourg	0	0	0	0	0	0
72	Malta	0	0	0	0	0	0
73	Montenegro	0	0	0	0	0	0
74	Mozambique	0	0	0	0.05	0.06	0
75	Namibia	0	0	0	0	0	0
76	New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0
77	Norway	0	0	0	0	0	0
78	Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
79	Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
80	Sweden	0	0	0	0	0	0
81	Tajikistan	0	0	0	0	0.05	0
82	Tanzania	0	0	0	0	0	0
83	Togo	0	0	0	0	0	0
84	US Virgin Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0
85	Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0

Methodology

The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. Values represent annual anthracite exports in million metric tons (Mmt). Where no value is available, the cell is left empty. A value of 0 indicates that the source reports zero. The sum of individually listed countries may differ slightly from the reported world total due to rounding. This page covers anthracite exports only and does not include other coal types, which are reported separately in the source.