Migrant Smuggling Rates by Country 2026

Smuggling of migrants is a serious transnational crime that endangers lives and exploits vulnerable people seeking better opportunities. This analysis presents migrant smuggling crime rates per 100,000 population across 67 countries, based on official data reported to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).

Migrant Smuggling Rates by Country 2026 Map

What is Migrant Smuggling?

Migrant smuggling involves facilitating illegal entry of a person into a country where they are not a national or resident, in order to obtain financial or material benefit. Unlike human trafficking, smuggling typically involves the consent of the migrants, though they often face dangerous conditions during transit.

Common smuggling methods include:

  • Document fraud – Providing fake passports or visas
  • Clandestine transport – Hidden compartments in vehicles, boats, or containers
  • Border crossing assistance – Guiding migrants through unmonitored routes
  • Corruption of officials – Bribing border agents to allow passage

[TABLE2|title=Migrant Smuggling Rates by Country per 100k population]

Important Note on Interpreting This Data

Migrant smuggling rates are heavily influenced by geography and migration routes. Countries along major migration corridors or with significant border crossings naturally report higher rates. High figures may indicate effective border enforcement and detection rather than higher actual smuggling activity. Transit countries often show higher rates than origin or destination countries.

Key Findings

Israel recorded the highest rate at 174 per 100,000 population in 2022, reflecting its geographic position and strict border enforcement. Austria showed a dramatic increase from 19.85 in 2020 to 101 in 2022, likely due to increased migration flows through the Balkans route.

Asian transit points show significant rates: Macau (78.09) and Thailand (62.86) serve as key transit hubs in the region.

European countries along migration routes show elevated figures: Croatia (23.39), Hungary (17.56), Slovenia (15.41), Greece (14.19), and Bulgaria (12.26). These countries form part of the Western Balkans migration route into the EU.

Turkey recorded 8.11 in 2022, reflecting its position as a major transit country between Asia, Middle East, and Europe.

 

Migrant Smuggling Rates by Country per 100k population

#
Country
2020
2021
2022
1
Israel
Israel
176 210 174
2
Austria
Austria
19.85 39.81 101
3
Macau
Macau
48.46 85.83 78.09
4
Thailand
Thailand
46.12 47.91 62.86
5
Croatia
Croatia
17.65 24.38 23.39
6
Hungary
Hungary
2.58 6.5 17.56
7
Slovenia
Slovenia
20.07 15.28 15.41
8
Bahamas
Bahamas
2.53 4.54 14.59
9
Greece
Greece
10.39 10.32 14.19
10
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
1.83 3.68 12.26
11
Lithuania
Lithuania
1.97 5.94 11.93
12
Moldova
Moldova
1.14 0.66 11.38
13
Albania
Albania
10.59 13.65 10.43
14
Türkiye
Türkiye
3.6 6.89 8.11
15
El Salvador
El Salvador
4.47 6.97 8.1
16
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
7.74 10.24 7.63
17
France
France
5.39 7 6.35
18
Germany
Germany
3.71 4.55 5.87
19
Cyprus
Cyprus
1.31 2.66 4.96
20
North Macedonia
North Macedonia
3.47 2.65 4.29
21
Morocco
Morocco
7.65 3.49 4.06
22
Slovakia
Slovakia
0.62 0.72 4.04
23
Kenya
Kenya
3.14 2.73 3.25
24
Italy
Italy
2.16 2.31 2.95
25
Serbia
Serbia
1.93 1.93 2.69
26
Denmark
Denmark
1.11 1.69 2.59
27
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
0.5 0.82 2.56
28
Poland
Poland
0.17 0.85 2.45
29
Malta
Malta
0.58 0.76 2.08
30
Panama
Panama
0.79 1.38 1.98
31
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.94 1.36 1.93
32
Finland
Finland
1.52 1.61 1.83
33
Belgium
Belgium
2.67 2.56 1.75
34
Algeria
Algeria
1.08 1.53 1.74
35
Portugal
Portugal
0.9 1.2 1.65
36
Montenegro
Montenegro
2.14 1.66 1.46
37
Sweden
Sweden
1.41 1.42 1.33
38
Mexico
Mexico
0.53 1.32 1.28
39
Spain
Spain
0.61 0.94 1.07
40
Armenia
Armenia
0.35 0.21 0.87
41
Iceland
Iceland
1.91 0.81 0.79
42
Chile
Chile
0.24 1.07 0.7
43
Ecuador
Ecuador
0.47 0.97 0.63
44
Oman
Oman
0.86 0.6 0.57
45
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
- 0.22 0.53
46
Latvia
Latvia
0.11 0.42 0.53
47
Norway
Norway
0.58 0.65 0.53
48
Guatemala
Guatemala
0.19 0.55 0.52
49
Switzerland
Switzerland
0.37 0.29 0.47
50
Netherlands
Netherlands
0.2 0.37 0.34
51
Colombia
Colombia
0.09 0.39 0.33
52
Romania
Romania
0.22 0.21 0.32
53
Peru
Peru
0.08 0.16 0.3
54
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
6.91 1.11 0.3
55
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
0.21 0.23 0.15
56
Bolivia
Bolivia
0.1 0.41 0.13
57
Canada
Canada
0.03 0.08 0.08
58
Honduras
Honduras
0.09 0.13 0.08
59
Estonia
Estonia
0.15 0.23 0.07
60
Myanmar
Myanmar
0.06 - 0.04
61
Dominica
Dominica
13.32 98.21 0
62
Kosovo
Kosovo
1.6 1.78 -
63
Russia
Russia
0.5 - -
64
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
0.44 - -
65
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
0.28 0.42 -
66
Bhutan
Bhutan
0.39 - -
67
Namibia
Namibia
- 0.18 -

Data Source

  • Source: UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) – Corruption and Economic Crime Statistics
  • Unit: Rate per 100,000 population
  • Years covered: 2020, 2021, 2022
  • Countries included: 67 countries with available data

Frequently Asked Questions

Which country has the highest migrant smuggling rate?

Israel has the highest reported migrant smuggling rate at 174 per 100,000 population in 2022. This reflects Israel's geographic position, strict border enforcement policies, and active detection of smuggling attempts rather than necessarily indicating higher actual smuggling activity compared to other countries.

Why do some European countries have high migrant smuggling rates?

European countries along major migration routes show elevated rates because they serve as transit points. Austria (101), Croatia (23.39), Hungary (17.56), Slovenia (15.41), and Greece (14.19) are all located on the Western Balkans route, one of the main pathways for migrants entering the EU. Higher rates in these countries reflect increased enforcement and detection along these corridors.

Data Disclaimer: Projected data (future years) are estimates based on mathematical models. Actual values may differ. Learn about our methodology →

Sources

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