Military Spending as % of GDP by Country

Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP measures the share of a country's economic output that is allocated to military spending. A higher percentage means a larger share of the country's economy is devoted to the military, while a lower percentage means a smaller share. This indicator reflects the military burden relative to the size of the economy, not the absolute amount of military spending: a country with a small economy and modest defense spending can record a higher percentage than a much larger economy spending far more in absolute terms. The dataset covers 152 countries and territories with values from 2019 to 2024.

Highest Military Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP in 2024

Ukraine recorded by far the highest military expenditure as a percentage of GDP in 2024, at 34.48 percent. Israel ranked second with 8.78 percent, followed by Algeria with 7.97 percent, Saudi Arabia with 7.30 percent, and Russia with 7.05 percent. Myanmar (6.79 percent), Oman (5.59 percent), Armenia (5.48 percent), and Azerbaijan (4.99 percent) also recorded shares above 4.8 percent.

Kuwait (4.84 percent), Jordan (4.80 percent), Burkina Faso (4.68 percent), Mali (4.20 percent), and Poland (4.15 percent) complete the group of countries spending more than 4 percent of GDP on the military. Among the remaining countries, Burundi (3.80 percent), Estonia (3.37 percent), and Latvia (3.26 percent) record the next highest shares.

The United States, which spends more on its military than any other country in absolute terms, recorded 3.42 percent of GDP in 2024. Germany recorded 1.89 percent, Japan 1.37 percent, and Canada 1.31 percent, all below the United States share. The wide range of these values illustrates that a high percentage of GDP does not necessarily correspond to high absolute spending.

Military Spending as % of GDP by Country

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#	Country	2024 (%)
1	Ukraine UA	34.48%
2	Israel IL	8.78%
3	Algeria DZ	7.97%
4	Saudi Arabia SA	7.3%
5	Russia RU	7.05%
6	Myanmar MM	6.79%
7	Oman OM	5.59%
8	Armenia AM	5.48%
9	Azerbaijan AZ	4.99%
10	Kuwait KW	4.84%
11	Jordan JO	4.8%
12	Burkina Faso BF	4.68%
13	Mali ML	4.2%
14	Poland PL	4.15%
15	Burundi BI	3.8%
16	Morocco MA	3.52%
17	United States US	3.42%
18	Estonia EE	3.37%
19	Colombia CO	3.36%
20	Latvia LV	3.26%
21	Greece GR	3.13%
22	Lithuania LT	3.12%
23	Chad TD	2.98%
24	Kyrgyzstan KG	2.97%
25	Bahrain BH	2.89%
26	Singapore SG	2.84%
27	Botswana BW	2.83%
28	Namibia NA	2.73%
29	Pakistan PK	2.67%
30	Timor-Leste TL	2.66%
31	Serbia RS	2.6%
32	Lebanon LB	2.59%
33	South Korea KR	2.56%
34	Central African Republic CF	2.52%
35	Tunisia TN	2.51%
36	Denmark DK	2.42%
37	Iraq IQ	2.36%
38	Uruguay UY	2.31%
39	Finland FI	2.3%
40	Romania RO	2.3%
41	United Kingdom GB	2.28%
42	India IN	2.27%
43	Niger NE	2.24%
44	Ecuador EC	2.22%
45	Hungary HU	2.16%
46	Mauritania MR	2.16%
47	Bulgaria BG	2.15%
48	North Macedonia MK	2.1%
49	Norway NO	2.09%
50	Belarus BY	2.07%
51	France FR	2.05%
52	Guinea GN	2.05%
53	Albania AL	2.04%
54	Iran IR	2.01%
55	Slovakia SK	2.01%
56	Sweden SE	2%
57	Togo TG	2%
58	Mozambique MZ	1.99%
59	South Sudan SS	1.96%
60	Czech Republic CZ	1.92%
61	Netherlands NL	1.92%
62	Türkiye TR	1.92%
63	Germany DE	1.89%
64	Australia AU	1.88%
65	Uganda UG	1.88%
66	Georgia GE	1.86%
67	Tajikistan TJ	1.85%
68	Montenegro ME	1.83%
69	Croatia HR	1.79%
70	China CN	1.71%
71	Cyprus CY	1.65%
72	Italy IT	1.61%
73	Somalia SO	1.59%
74	Chile CL	1.58%
75	Honduras HN	1.58%
76	Lesotho LS	1.57%
77	Senegal SN	1.57%
78	Gabon GA	1.54%
79	Portugal PT	1.53%
80	Cambodia KH	1.52%
81	Kosovo XK	1.48%
82	Eswatini SZ	1.44%
83	Spain ES	1.43%
84	Sri Lanka LK	1.43%
85	Bolivia BO	1.37%
86	Japan JP	1.37%
87	Zambia ZM	1.33%
88	Philippines PH	1.32%
89	Canada CA	1.31%
90	Fiji FJ	1.31%
91	Slovenia SI	1.31%
92	Belgium BE	1.28%
93	Jamaica JM	1.27%
94	Rwanda RW	1.25%
95	DR Congo CD	1.23%
96	Congo CG	1.19%
97	El Salvador SV	1.19%
98	New Zealand NZ	1.19%
99	Seychelles SC	1.18%
100	Tanzania TZ	1.15%
101	Thailand TH	1.08%
102	Malawi MW	1.02%
103	Cameroon CM	1.01%
104	Angola AO	1%
105	Austria AT	1%
106	Kenya KE	1%
107	Malaysia MY	0.99%
108	Equatorial Guinea GQ	0.98%
109	Nepal NP	0.98%
110	Brazil BR	0.97%
111	Luxembourg LU	0.96%
112	Bangladesh BD	0.94%
113	Paraguay PY	0.93%
114	Trinidad and Tobago TT	0.92%
115	Peru PE	0.91%
116	Belize BZ	0.9%
117	Mexico MX	0.89%
118	Guyana GY	0.87%
119	Dominican Republic DO	0.78%
120	Indonesia ID	0.78%
121	Ivory Coast CI	0.76%
122	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	0.75%
123	Mongolia MN	0.74%
124	Benin BJ	0.72%
125	Switzerland CH	0.72%
126	Liberia LR	0.71%
127	Madagascar MG	0.71%
128	South Africa ZA	0.7%
129	Egypt EG	0.67%
130	Ethiopia ET	0.65%
131	Argentina AR	0.62%
132	Cape Verde CV	0.62%
133	Moldova MD	0.6%
134	Gambia GM	0.57%
135	Nigeria NG	0.56%
136	Nicaragua NI	0.55%
137	Sierra Leone SL	0.46%
138	Malta MT	0.45%
139	Kazakhstan KZ	0.43%
140	Ghana GH	0.38%
141	Guatemala GT	0.37%
142	Zimbabwe ZW	0.35%
143	Papua New Guinea PG	0.31%
144	Ireland IE	0.24%
145	Mauritius MU	0.15%
146	Haiti HT	0.07%
147	Afghanistan AF	-
148	Guinea-Bissau GW	-
149	Libya LY	-
150	Qatar QA	-
151	Sudan SD	-
152	Venezuela VE	-

Military Expenditure Around the World

Regional patterns vary considerably. In the Middle East and North Africa, Israel (8.78 percent), Saudi Arabia (7.30 percent), Oman (5.59 percent), Kuwait (4.84 percent), Jordan (4.80 percent), and Algeria (7.97 percent) all record shares above 4.5 percent of GDP, making the region one with several countries among the highest shares in the ranking.

In Europe, Ukraine's 34.48 percent stands far above all others. Poland (4.15 percent), Estonia (3.37 percent), and Latvia (3.26 percent) lead the remaining European countries, while France (2.05 percent), the United Kingdom (2.28 percent), and Italy (1.61 percent) record lower shares. Germany's share rose from 1.24 percent in 2019 to 1.89 percent in 2024.

In Africa, Burkina Faso (4.68 percent), Mali (4.20 percent), and Burundi (3.80 percent) record the highest shares on the continent, while South Africa (0.70 percent) and Nigeria (0.56 percent) are among the lowest. In Asia, Myanmar (6.79 percent), Armenia (5.48 percent), and Azerbaijan (4.99 percent) lead, while Japan (1.37 percent), Indonesia (0.78 percent), and India (2.27 percent) record lower shares. In the Americas, the United States (3.42 percent) stands above Canada (1.31 percent), Brazil (0.97 percent), and Mexico (0.89 percent).

Largest Increases, 2019–2024

Ukraine recorded the largest increase in military expenditure as a percentage of GDP between 2019 and 2024, with its share rising from 4.07 percent to 34.48 percent, a gain of 30.41 percentage points. Myanmar recorded the second largest increase, from 2.19 percent to 6.79 percent (plus 4.60 points), followed by Israel (5.07 to 8.78 percent, plus 3.71 points) and Russia (3.86 to 7.05 percent, plus 3.19 points).

Algeria's share rose from 5.33 to 7.97 percent (plus 2.64 points), while Burkina Faso (plus 2.47 points), Poland (plus 2.20 points), Mali (plus 1.45 points), and Chad (plus 1.41 points) also recorded substantial increases. Estonia (plus 1.37 points) and Latvia (plus 1.17 points) increased their shares by more than one percentage point, with Estonia's share rising from 2.00 to 3.37 percent.

Largest Decreases, 2019–2024

Lebanon recorded the largest decrease in the dataset, with military expenditure as a percentage of GDP falling from 4.74 percent in 2019 to 2.59 percent in 2024, a decline of 2.15 percentage points. Oman's share fell from 7.44 to 5.59 percent (minus 1.85 points), South Sudan's from 3.80 to 1.96 percent (minus 1.84 points), and Bahrain's from 4.03 to 2.89 percent (minus 1.14 points).

Bulgaria (minus 0.99 points), Congo (minus 0.96 points), Iraq (minus 0.88 points), and Pakistan (minus 0.84 points) also recorded notable declines. Türkiye's share fell from 2.69 percent in 2019 to 1.92 percent in 2024, a decrease of 0.77 points, while Kazakhstan's share also declined substantially, falling by 58 percent from 1.02 to 0.43 percent.

Military Expenditure in US Dollars vs. as a Percentage of GDP

The two indicators answer different questions. Military expenditure in current US dollars measures the absolute amount spent, while military expenditure as a percentage of GDP measures the burden of that spending relative to the size of the economy. The rankings produced by the two indicators can therefore differ substantially.

In 2024, the United States led all countries in absolute military spending with 997.3 billion US dollars, yet its share of GDP (3.42 percent) ranked it well below countries with far smaller budgets, such as Ukraine, Israel, and Algeria. Conversely, Myanmar recorded 6.79 percent of GDP in 2024 despite spending far less in absolute terms than the largest economies. China, the second largest spender in absolute terms at 313.7 billion US dollars, recorded a share of just 1.71 percent of GDP.

Military Spending as % of GDP by Country

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#	Country	2019 (%)	2020 (%)	2021 (%)	2022 (%)	2023 (%)	2024 (%)
1	Ukraine	4.07%	4.4%	3.43%	25.64%	36.53%	34.48%
2	Israel	5.07%	5.28%	4.93%	4.43%	5.38%	8.78%
3	Algeria	5.33%	5.89%	4.89%	4.06%	7.39%	7.97%
4	Saudi Arabia	7.79%	8.79%	7.23%	6.4%	7.28%	7.3%
5	Russia	3.86%	4.14%	3.58%	4.61%	5.4%	7.05%
6	Myanmar	2.19%	3.12%	4.07%	4.17%	3.75%	6.79%
7	Oman	7.44%	8.03%	6.62%	5.26%	5.53%	5.59%
8	Armenia	4.79%	4.98%	4.47%	4.08%	5.51%	5.48%
9	Azerbaijan	3.85%	5.24%	4.93%	3.8%	4.92%	4.99%
10	Kuwait	5.32%	6.47%	6.35%	4.51%	4.77%	4.84%
11	Jordan	4.57%	4.7%	4.7%	4.8%	4.81%	4.8%
12	Burkina Faso	2.21%	2.11%	2.33%	2.98%	4.08%	4.68%
13	Mali	2.75%	3.4%	3.38%	3.09%	3.77%	4.2%
14	Poland	1.95%	2.26%	2.22%	2.2%	3.27%	4.15%
15	Burundi	2.81%	2.19%	2.04%	2.6%	3.43%	3.8%
16	Morocco	2.87%	3.98%	3.75%	3.81%	3.59%	3.52%
17	United States	3.41%	3.65%	3.4%	3.31%	3.3%	3.42%
18	Estonia	2%	2.26%	2.01%	2.13%	3%	3.37%
19	Colombia	3.15%	3.53%	3.2%	2.8%	2.97%	3.36%
20	Latvia	2.09%	2.23%	2.16%	2.25%	2.97%	3.26%
21	Greece	2.6%	3.02%	3.8%	4%	2.88%	3.13%
22	Lithuania	1.98%	2.05%	1.95%	2.44%	2.71%	3.12%
23	Chad	1.57%	2.21%	2.08%	2.04%	2.12%	2.98%
24	Kyrgyzstan	2.71%	3.11%	2.84%	2.9%	3.45%	2.97%
25	Bahrain	4.03%	4.06%	3.52%	3.42%	3.52%	2.89%
26	Singapore	2.76%	2.8%	2.54%	2.41%	2.83%	2.84%
27	Botswana	3.08%	3.33%	3.05%	2.52%	2.46%	2.83%
28	Namibia	3.3%	3.48%	3.23%	2.91%	2.75%	2.73%
29	Pakistan	3.51%	3.49%	3.39%	3.18%	2.88%	2.67%
30	Timor-Leste	1.69%	1.78%	1.08%	1.38%	2.65%	2.66%
31	Serbia	2.18%	2.3%	2.73%	2.17%	2.21%	2.6%
32	Lebanon	4.74%	3.03%	1.61%	1.4%	1.62%	2.59%
33	South Korea	2.52%	2.64%	2.62%	2.58%	2.6%	2.56%
34	Central African Republic	1.79%	1.86%	2.15%	1.71%	2.38%	2.52%
35	Tunisia	2.38%	2.71%	2.63%	2.57%	2.49%	2.51%
36	Denmark	1.3%	1.37%	1.29%	1.36%	2%	2.42%
37	Iraq	3.24%	3.11%	2.26%	1.64%	2.26%	2.36%
38	Uruguay	2.01%	2.06%	2.26%	2.04%	2.12%	2.31%
39	Finland	1.36%	1.44%	1.3%	1.59%	2.01%	2.3%
40	Romania	1.83%	2%	1.85%	1.75%	1.6%	2.3%
41	United Kingdom	1.99%	2.16%	2.07%	2.06%	2.23%	2.28%
42	India	2.55%	2.8%	2.47%	2.38%	2.36%	2.27%
43	Niger	1.92%	1.73%	1.36%	1.57%	1.98%	2.24%
44	Ecuador	2.18%	2.46%	2.24%	2.22%	2.27%	2.22%
45	Hungary	1.33%	1.75%	1.32%	1.83%	2.05%	2.16%
46	Mauritania	2%	2.39%	2.29%	2.06%	2.26%	2.16%
47	Bulgaria	3.14%	1.59%	1.51%	1.59%	1.94%	2.15%
48	North Macedonia	1.16%	1.24%	1.45%	1.58%	1.69%	2.1%
49	Norway	1.84%	1.97%	1.68%	1.46%	1.81%	2.09%
50	Belarus	1.4%	1.4%	1.37%	1.65%	2.02%	2.07%
51	France	1.85%	2.02%	1.98%	1.96%	1.95%	2.05%
52	Guinea	1.47%	1.47%	1.55%	2.19%	2.13%	2.05%
53	Albania	1.28%	1.3%	1.24%	1.21%	1.74%	2.04%
54	Iran	2.15%	2.18%	2.22%	2.11%	2.35%	2.01%
55	Slovakia	1.7%	1.9%	1.71%	1.8%	1.84%	2.01%
56	Sweden	1.1%	1.15%	1.19%	1.33%	1.5%	2%
57	Togo	2.36%	2.16%	2.39%	4.14%	3.05%	2%
58	Mozambique	1.39%	2.02%	1.91%	2.21%	1.93%	1.99%
59	South Sudan	3.8%	1.87%	1.51%	1.57%	2.1%	1.96%
60	Czech Republic	1.13%	1.3%	1.35%	1.33%	1.47%	1.92%
61	Netherlands	1.29%	1.41%	1.37%	1.3%	1.44%	1.92%
62	Türkiye	2.69%	2.2%	1.86%	1.66%	1.72%	1.92%
63	Germany	1.24%	1.36%	1.3%	1.35%	1.49%	1.89%
64	Australia	1.88%	2.01%	1.98%	1.88%	1.86%	1.88%
65	Uganda	1.72%	2.47%	2.34%	1.85%	1.81%	1.88%
66	Georgia	1.76%	1.79%	1.59%	1.61%	1.66%	1.86%
67	Tajikistan	1%	0.95%	1%	1.93%	2.4%	1.85%
68	Montenegro	1.33%	1.74%	1.56%	1.57%	1.52%	1.83%
69	Croatia	1.6%	1.7%	1.97%	1.8%	1.71%	1.79%
70	China	1.68%	1.76%	1.61%	1.63%	1.66%	1.71%
71	Cyprus	1.77%	1.9%	1.78%	1.72%	1.65%	1.65%
72	Italy	1.31%	1.73%	1.66%	1.65%	1.61%	1.61%
73	Somalia	0.83%	1.14%	1.17%	1.16%	1.29%	1.59%
74	Chile	1.86%	2.07%	1.65%	1.54%	1.63%	1.58%
75	Honduras	1.58%	1.47%	1.5%	1.47%	1.52%	1.58%
76	Lesotho	1.88%	1.88%	1.54%	1.47%	1.63%	1.57%
77	Senegal	1.52%	1.41%	1.76%	1.52%	1.48%	1.57%
78	Gabon	1.58%	1.72%	1.6%	1.36%	1.32%	1.54%
79	Portugal	1.37%	1.43%	1.52%	1.39%	1.47%	1.53%
80	Cambodia	1.62%	1.78%	1.7%	1.54%	1.54%	1.52%
81	Kosovo	0.83%	1.02%	0.85%	1.15%	1.27%	1.48%
82	Eswatini	1.89%	1.86%	1.68%	1.65%	1.38%	1.44%
83	Spain	1.22%	1.35%	1.34%	1.41%	1.47%	1.43%
84	Sri Lanka	1.75%	1.74%	1.71%	1.34%	1.64%	1.43%
85	Bolivia	1.45%	1.39%	1.33%	0.97%	1.3%	1.37%
86	Japan	0.99%	1.02%	1.06%	1.01%	1.14%	1.37%
87	Zambia	1.26%	1.17%	0.98%	1.12%	1.34%	1.33%
88	Philippines	1.13%	1.3%	1.41%	1.32%	1.18%	1.32%
89	Canada	1.28%	1.39%	1.25%	1.17%	1.25%	1.31%
90	Fiji	1.45%	1.61%	1.6%	1.36%	1.33%	1.31%
91	Slovenia	1.06%	1.07%	1.24%	1.3%	1.32%	1.31%
92	Belgium	0.89%	1.01%	1.04%	1.16%	1.18%	1.28%
93	Jamaica	1.68%	1.71%	1.47%	1.29%	1.19%	1.27%
94	Rwanda	1.2%	1.47%	1.51%	1.33%	1.25%	1.25%
95	DR Congo	0.69%	0.73%	0.53%	0.57%	1.12%	1.23%
96	Congo	2.15%	2.6%	2.34%	1.91%	1.98%	1.19%
97	El Salvador	1.18%	1.38%	1.21%	1.43%	1.34%	1.19%
98	New Zealand	1.29%	1.34%	1.16%	1.17%	1.22%	1.19%
99	Seychelles	1.16%	1.37%	2.46%	1.14%	1.49%	1.18%
100	Tanzania	1.06%	1.08%	1.12%	1.19%	1.21%	1.15%
101	Thailand	1.33%	1.46%	1.42%	1.24%	1.13%	1.08%
102	Malawi	0.76%	0.83%	0.73%	0.93%	1.17%	1.02%
103	Cameroon	1.06%	0.96%	0.99%	0.94%	0.93%	1.01%
104	Angola	1.77%	1.81%	1.39%	1.41%	1.41%	1%
105	Austria	0.75%	0.89%	0.87%	0.77%	0.87%	1%
106	Kenya	1.11%	1.11%	1.08%	1.01%	0.98%	1%
107	Malaysia	0.89%	1%	0.98%	0.9%	0.98%	0.99%
108	Equatorial Guinea	1.31%	1.64%	1.35%	1.3%	1.52%	0.98%
109	Nepal	1.24%	1.32%	1.22%	1.16%	1.07%	0.98%
110	Brazil	1.38%	1.33%	1.15%	1.05%	1%	0.97%
111	Luxembourg	0.55%	0.58%	0.47%	0.63%	0.77%	0.96%
112	Bangladesh	1.24%	1.24%	1.17%	0.99%	0.92%	0.94%
113	Paraguay	0.97%	1.03%	0.92%	0.87%	0.92%	0.93%
114	Trinidad and Tobago	0.73%	0.81%	0.86%	0.77%	0.96%	0.92%
115	Peru	1.21%	1.32%	1.16%	1.14%	1.24%	0.91%
116	Belize	1.02%	1.27%	1.1%	0.98%	0.99%	0.9%
117	Mexico	0.51%	0.72%	0.66%	0.69%	0.66%	0.89%
118	Guyana	1.3%	1.4%	0.95%	0.6%	0.64%	0.87%
119	Dominican Republic	0.69%	0.75%	0.65%	0.68%	0.78%	0.78%
120	Indonesia	0.73%	0.89%	0.74%	0.77%	0.82%	0.78%
121	Ivory Coast	0.89%	0.96%	0.88%	0.87%	0.86%	0.76%
122	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.81%	0.83%	0.89%	0.75%	0.72%	0.75%
123	Mongolia	0.66%	0.71%	0.62%	0.51%	0.54%	0.74%
124	Benin	0.47%	0.46%	0.55%	0.63%	0.76%	0.72%
125	Switzerland	0.7%	0.77%	0.67%	0.68%	0.71%	0.72%
126	Liberia	0.42%	0.42%	0.85%	1.31%	1.42%	0.71%
127	Madagascar	0.55%	0.67%	0.68%	0.65%	0.65%	0.71%
128	South Africa	0.88%	0.96%	0.81%	0.8%	0.75%	0.7%
129	Egypt	1.18%	1.12%	1.12%	1.01%	0.81%	0.67%
130	Ethiopia	0.58%	0.78%	1.61%	1.51%	0.88%	0.65%
131	Argentina	0.7%	0.73%	0.63%	0.68%	0.76%	0.62%
132	Cape Verde	0.43%	0.62%	0.55%	0.46%	0.57%	0.62%
133	Moldova	0.36%	0.39%	0.37%	0.36%	0.57%	0.6%
134	Gambia	0.8%	0.82%	0.78%	0.71%	0.58%	0.57%
135	Nigeria	0.46%	0.63%	1.01%	0.65%	0.84%	0.56%
136	Nicaragua	0.61%	0.63%	0.55%	0.54%	0.55%	0.55%
137	Sierra Leone	0.38%	0.49%	0.6%	0.58%	0.6%	0.46%
138	Malta	0.49%	0.53%	0.45%	0.41%	0.5%	0.45%
139	Kazakhstan	1.02%	0.91%	0.82%	0.52%	0.44%	0.43%
140	Ghana	0.34%	0.35%	0.38%	0.34%	0.4%	0.38%
141	Guatemala	0.43%	0.44%	0.39%	0.46%	0.42%	0.37%
142	Zimbabwe	0.65%	0.97%	1.57%	0.99%	0.21%	0.35%
143	Papua New Guinea	0.36%	0.39%	0.33%	0.42%	0.34%	0.31%
144	Ireland	0.27%	0.26%	0.24%	0.21%	0.23%	0.24%
145	Mauritius	0.15%	0.16%	0.17%	0.14%	0.14%	0.15%
146	Haiti	0.09%	0.1%	0.15%	0.07%	0.05%	0.07%
147	Afghanistan	1.17%	1.36%	1.83%	-	-	-
148	Guinea-Bissau	1.49%	1.52%	1.46%	1.4%	1.23%	-
149	Libya	-	-	-	4.35%	5.29%	-
150	Qatar	-	-	6.45%	6.5%	-	-
151	Sudan	1.63%	0.98%	0.93%	-	-	-
152	Venezuela	1.79%	1.58%	0.31%	0.65%	0.5%	-

Methodology

The statistics are based on the World Bank World Development Indicators dataset, indicator MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS (Military expenditure (% of GDP)). The World Bank identifies the underlying source as the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The indicator is expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product. The main comparison uses 2024 data where available, covering 146 of the 152 countries and territories in our dataset. Missing observations are treated as missing, not as zero, and earlier years are not substituted for missing 2024 values in the ranking.