Rape or colza seed Production by Country 2025
Canola dominates vegetable oil production with Canada leading at 18.3 million tonnes in 2023, projected to reach 17.6 million tonnes by 2025. Global production totaled 91.9 million tonnes in 2023, up 5.7% from 2022, spanning 64 countries concentrated in temperate regions. China produces 16.3 million tonnes, India contributes 12.6 million tonnes, and Australia adds 8.9 million tonnes. This yellow-flowered oilseed (rapeseed/canola), bred from toxic rapeseed to remove erucic acid, provides heart-healthy cooking oil and protein-rich meal for livestock. Canola serves edible oil markets (60%), biodiesel (25%), and animal feed (15%), with "canola" name (Canadian Oil Low Acid) marketing rebrand overcoming rapeseed's negative associations.
Canada produces 18.3 million tonnes in 2023, concentrated in Prairie provinces (Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba) where cool-season climate suits cultivation. Canadian canola, developed in 1970s from rapeseed breeding, dominates global exports (90%+ of production) to China, Japan, Mexico, and USA for crushing into oil and meal. Production combines large-scale mechanized farming with advanced genetics (herbicide-tolerant varieties). However, Canada faces challenges from clubroot disease, flea beetles, and trade disputes (China import restrictions 2019-2021 devastated markets). China contributes 16.3 million tonnes, primarily for domestic oil consumption. India produces 12.6 million tonnes (mustard oil tradition), concentrated in Rajasthan, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Australia produces 8.9 million tonnes with extreme volatility (2.3-8.9 million) from drought cycles. France contributes 4.3 million tonnes, Germany 4.2 million tonnes, and Russia 4.2 million tonnes. Ukraine produces 4.2 million tonnes, Poland 3.6 million tonnes, and USA 1.9 million tonnes. Romania contributes 1.8 million tonnes, Czech Republic 1.3 million tonnes, and UK 1.2 million tonnes. These producers balance domestic crushing with export opportunities. Canola cultivation suits cool temperate climates with spring or winter planting. The crop's bright yellow flowers create spectacular landscapes, driving agritourism. However, canola faces challenges from diseases (clubroot, blackleg), pests (flea beetles, cabbage seedpod weevil), and GMO controversies despite agronomic advantages. Canola seeds contain 40-45% oil, among highest of oilseeds. Oil extraction produces light, neutral-flavored cooking oil with lowest saturated fat (7%) and highest omega-3 (11%) among common cooking oils—heart-healthy profile. Crushing also yields protein meal (35-40% protein) for livestock feed. Canola oil uses span cooking, salad dressings, margarine, and mayonnaise. Industrial applications include biodiesel, lubricants, and bioplastics. The "canola" name (Canadian Oil Low Acid) rebranded rapeseed after breeding removed toxic erucic acid and bitter glucosinolates. Traditional rapeseed (high erucic acid) still grown for industrial lubricants. Organic canola fetches premiums but faces weed control challenges. GMO canola (herbicide-tolerant) dominates North American production despite European resistance. Canola thrives in cool temperate climates (12-20°C optimal) with 400-500mm rainfall during growing season. Spring canola planted March-May, harvested August-September (100-120 days). Winter canola planted August-September, overwintering, harvested June-July (300+ days, higher yields). Plants grow 1-1.5m tall with bright yellow flowers. Mechanized seeding, spraying, and combining enable large-scale production. Major diseases include clubroot (devastating soil-borne disease), blackleg, and sclerotinia stem rot. Pests include flea beetles (seedling damage), cabbage seedpod weevil, and diamondback moth. Climate change brings heat stress during flowering and increased disease pressure. Breeding programs develop disease-resistant, heat-tolerant varieties. Precision agriculture optimizes inputs and yields. Canola seed prices fluctuate $400-700/tonne depending on quality and market. Canola oil trades $800-1,400/tonne, competing with soybean, sunflower, and palm oils. Global canola trade worth $20+ billion annually, dominated by Canadian exports. China crushes 40%+ of global canola imports for cooking oil. Biodiesel demand drives 25% of production—renewable fuel mandates support prices. However, canola faces competition from cheaper palm and soybean oils. GMO controversies affect European markets. Climate change affects yields and quality. Trade disputes create volatility—China's 2019-2021 Canadian canola ban devastated markets. Retail trends favor heart-healthy oils and non-GMO products. Organic canola grows slowly due to weed management challenges. Global canola production projected to grow 2-3% annually through 2030, driven by health-conscious consumers and biodiesel demand. Climate-adapted varieties help cope with heat stress. Disease-resistant genetics combat clubroot and blackleg. Precision agriculture optimizes sustainability. However, canola faces challenges from GMO resistance in key markets, disease pressure, and competition from other oilseeds. The crop's heart-healthy oil profile, biodiesel applications, and protein meal value ensure continued expansion, though production must overcome disease threats and market acceptance issues in this modern oilseed's role as healthy cooking oil and renewable fuel source despite ongoing GMO controversies and "rapeseed" name baggage overcome by successful "canola" rebranding.🏆 Canada's Canola Powerhouse
Rape or colza seed Production by Country 2025
1
17,622,203
2
15,760,820
3
11,952,527
4
7,456,295
5
4,154,711
6
4,098,390
7
4,011,032
8
3,675,007
9
3,443,853
10
1,717,689
11
1,538,708
12
1,212,619
13
1,209,653
14
861,887
15
834,166
16
808,290
17
619,962
18
611,524
19
490,933
20
475,929
21
418,570
22
368,060
23
349,400
24
268,506
25
257,148
26
220,770
27
209,503
28
177,780
29
152,300
30
147,330
31
147,159
32
133,000
33
130,117
34
107,922
35
88,323
36
84,169
37
80,354
38
68,978
39
60,378
40
53,630
41
52,748
42
45,573
43
39,550
44
38,948
45
23,111
46
18,339
47
18,140
48
14,566
49
7,307
50
7,150
51
7,087
52
6,959
53
5,673
54
5,321
55
3,590
56
2,212
57
2,200
58
1,700
59
1,286
60
1,000
61
324
62
116
63
112
64
8
🌍 Global Production
🌻 Heart-Healthy Oilseed
🌱 Cool-Season Cultivation
📊 Global Markets
🔮 Sustainable Growth
Rape or colza seed Production by Country 2025
#
1
20,723,500
19,912,300
19,484,700
14,248,281
18,694,768
18,328,233
17,622,203
2
13,281,200
13,484,700
14,049,100
14,713,500
15,531,400
16,317,400
15,760,820
3
8,429,850
9,255,660
9,123,640
10,210,010
11,963,090
12,643,196
11,952,527
4
3,893,071
2,365,839
2,298,529
4,756,388
6,820,287
8,917,862
7,456,295
5
4,980,540
3,523,300
3,289,960
3,306,520
4,516,540
4,276,890
4,154,711
6
3,677,200
2,830,200
3,527,300
3,504,600
4,294,900
4,218,000
4,098,390
7
1,988,697
2,060,320
2,572,492
2,793,796
4,514,241
4,196,000
4,011,032
8
2,750,600
3,280,320
2,557,200
2,938,940
3,317,980
4,183,650
3,675,007
9
2,105,610
2,268,850
2,982,880
3,050,910
3,487,070
3,575,100
3,443,853
10
1,643,670
1,552,800
1,575,310
1,242,150
1,739,280
1,894,950
1,717,689
11
1,610,910
798,220
780,160
1,375,070
1,229,530
1,789,670
1,538,708
12
2,012,000
1,752,000
1,038,000
980,762
1,361,375
1,216,108
1,212,619
13
1,410,770
1,156,970
1,245,330
1,024,930
1,166,390
1,309,500
1,209,653
14
435,900
692,480
972,360
909,360
900,950
819,460
861,887
15
456,263
578,255
732,742
715,078
806,019
898,689
834,166
16
489,100
729,000
560,200
650,900
889,200
822,700
808,290
17
260,523
342,650
565,792
342,878
482,168
813,472
619,962
18
1,002,710
912,120
876,900
734,020
505,050
626,410
611,524
19
485,290
422,230
445,720
424,690
446,600
544,030
490,933
20
351,537
311,740
358,249
396,594
409,659
547,425
475,929
21
52,000
90,700
113,300
183,000
294,400
587,300
418,570
22
231,100
408,300
455,500
427,900
359,100
349,500
368,060
23
217,700
381,500
339,300
343,500
427,500
304,900
349,400
24
472,590
432,490
279,280
375,800
299,420
207,040
268,506
25
424,084
350,000
294,416
237,806
215,291
290,000
257,148
26
103,950
95,000
165,200
198,100
210,000
236,300
220,770
27
179,980
144,770
196,100
238,530
254,590
170,840
209,503
28
113,590
191,370
202,950
216,070
218,670
137,930
177,780
29
49,000
32,000
55,000
96,000
147,000
178,000
152,300
30
394,341
240,793
153,168
145,728
188,590
123,215
147,330
31
85,607
77,268
47,128
92,355
77,378
210,949
147,159
32
125,000
180,000
121,542
140,000
150,000
120,000
133,000
33
219,781
185,318
153,533
140,586
134,962
123,023
130,117
34
135,422
84,311
73,668
73,496
87,820
133,753
107,922
35
120,690
107,170
100,280
86,870
92,030
86,680
88,323
36
77,478
67,843
88,083
77,030
92,059
82,291
84,169
37
40,280
37,490
44,130
51,160
76,890
94,110
80,354
38
39,700
37,990
48,690
55,160
53,970
83,510
68,978
39
36,000
60,000
67,096
61,382
47,255
67,850
60,378
40
155,840
103,900
119,670
73,420
58,070
43,050
53,630
41
23,921
33,813
22,514
51,762
49,215
55,262
52,748
42
70,900
41,900
31,120
41,210
56,770
40,600
45,573
43
43,300
33,430
29,910
28,100
36,900
45,720
39,550
44
35,449
39,689
32,514
17,868
52,915
38,999
38,948
45
22,711
23,289
23,133
23,044
23,155
23,111
23,111
46
38,216
42,046
12,576
14,697
18,000
20,000
18,339
47
8,210
9,680
12,080
12,270
24,820
16,480
18,140
48
0
0
0
14,431
14,594
14,603
14,566
49
7,660
9,450
8,520
6,910
7,550
7,320
7,307
50
7,250
15,000
7,180
9,000
9,500
5,000
7,150
51
11,180
10,060
8,990
4,390
7,480
7,930
7,087
52
5,820
6,010
5,920
4,390
7,170
7,860
6,959
53
3,622
4,196
4,623
5,009
6,000
5,743
5,673
54
9,813
8,657
10,142
3,060
5,501
6,118
5,321
55
3,120
4,130
3,580
3,230
3,680
3,680
3,590
56
2,112
2,252
2,253
2,234
2,217
2,200
2,212
57
3,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
2,200
58
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
1,700
59
1,262
1,297
1,287
1,282
1,288
1,286
1,286
60
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
61
213
124
149
502
277
282
324
62
276
8
89
107
116
120
116
63
48
180
123
71
134
115
112
64
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Frequently Asked Questions
Which country produces the most canola/rapeseed in the world?
Canada is the world's largest canola producer with 18,328,233 tonnes in 2023, concentrated in Prairie provinces (Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba). Canadian canola, developed in 1970s from rapeseed breeding, dominates global exports (90%+ of production) to China, Japan, Mexico, and USA. China ranks second with 16,317,400 tonnes (domestic consumption), followed by India at 12,643,196 tonnes (mustard oil tradition) and Australia at 8,917,862 tonnes (extreme drought volatility).
What's the difference between rapeseed and canola?
Canola IS rapeseed—but specially bred! Traditional rapeseed contained toxic erucic acid (40%+ of oil) and bitter glucosinolates, making it unsuitable for human consumption (only industrial lubricants). Canadian scientists bred low-erucic acid rapeseed in 1970s, creating "canola" (Canadian Oil Low Acid)—less than 2% erucic acid, low glucosinolates. The name change was brilliant marketing—"rapeseed" had negative associations, while "canola" sounds appealing! Today, "canola" refers to edible varieties (heart-healthy cooking oil), while "rapeseed" refers to industrial varieties (high erucic acid for lubricants). Botanically identical plant (Brassica napus), but breeding and branding created distinction. Canola's success shows how science and marketing can transform crop from industrial product to healthy food!
Data Disclaimer: Projected data (future years) are estimates based on mathematical models. Actual values may differ. Learn about our methodology →
Sources
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Updated: 13.11.2025https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
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