Rare Earths Production by Country

Rare earths production by country measures how much rare earths each country mines, expressed in tonnes. The figures refer to mine production in terms of rare earth oxide (REO) content, in line with the underlying sources. The statistics combine an Our World in Data series for the earlier years (2020-2024), built from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries and the BGS World Mineral Statistics, with 2024 and 2025 estimates taken directly from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. The table covers 17 countries included in the underlying data during the period. USGS reports 2025 estimates for 12 countries, which produced a combined 388,760 tonnes in 2025; together with the "Other countries" value of 550 tonnes, this totals 389,310 tonnes, below the reported World total of 390,000 tonnes in the source. Canada, Greenland, South Africa, and Tanzania are listed by the source without values and keep their earlier zero values, while Burundi keeps its last value from 2021 (200 tonnes).

Largest Rare Earths-Producing Countries in 2025

China produced the most rare earths in 2025 with 270,000 tonnes. The United States ranked second with 51,000, followed by Australia (29,000), Myanmar (22,000), Thailand (4,800), India (2,900), Madagascar (2,700), Russia (2,600), Brazil (2,000), and Nigeria (1,500).

Rare Earths Production by Country

Export

Excel (.xlsx) CSV Document PDF Document PNG Image

#	Country	Latest Data (tonnes)	Year
1	China CN	270,000	2025
2	United States US	51,000	2025
3	Australia AU	29,000	2025
4	Myanmar MM	22,000	2025
5	Thailand TH	4,800	2025
6	India IN	2,900	2025
7	Madagascar MG	2,700	2025
8	Russia RU	2,600	2025
9	Brazil BR	2000	2025
10	Nigeria NG	1500	2025
11	Burundi BI	200	2021
12	Vietnam VN	150	2025
13	Malaysia MY	110	2025
14	Canada CA	0	2022
15	Greenland GL	0	2022
16	South Africa ZA	0	2022
17	Tanzania TZ	0	2022

China alone accounted for about 69 percent of the World total in 2025, and China and the United States together for about 82 percent; the top three countries accounted for about 90 percent. China's output was about 5.3 times that of the United States. Four countries produced at least 20,000 tonnes in 2025.

Rare Earths Production Around the World

In Asia, China (270,000) leads by a wide margin, ahead of Myanmar (22,000), Thailand (4,800), India (2,900), Vietnam (150), and Malaysia (110). In North America, the United States (51,000) is the largest producer. In Oceania, Australia (29,000) is the only listed producer.

In Africa, Madagascar (2,700) leads, ahead of Nigeria (1,500); Burundi (200, 2021) keeps its last available value. In South America, Brazil (2,000) is the only listed producer. In Europe, Russia (2,600) is the largest producer. Canada, Greenland, South Africa, and Tanzania keep their earlier zero values.

Largest Changes in Rare Earths Production, 2024-2025

The United States recorded the largest increase, rising from 45,500 tonnes in 2024 to 51,000 in 2025 (up 5,500, about 12 percent). Thailand rose from 2,100 to 4,800 (up 2,700, about 129 percent), Madagascar from 1,400 to 2,700 (up 1,300, about 93 percent), and Brazil from 560 to 2,000 (up 1,440, more than three times its 2024 value). Vietnam fell from 300 to 150 (down 150, about 50 percent).

Myanmar recorded the largest decline, falling from 27,000 to 22,000 tonnes (down 5,000, about 19 percent). Malaysia fell from 140 to 110, and Vietnam from 300 to 150. China (270,000), Australia (29,000), India (2,900), Russia (2,600), and Nigeria (1,500) held their levels.

The World total rose from 380,000 to 390,000 tonnes (up 10,000, about 2.6 percent). The listed countries increased by 5,760 tonnes in net terms, while the source's "Other countries" value fell from 1,000 to 550 tonnes.

The 2024 figures in this release are revised from earlier values, most notably Australia (revised up from 13,000 to 29,000 tonnes), Thailand (down from 13,000 to 2,100), Nigeria (down from 13,000 to 1,500), Brazil (up from 20 to 560), and the United States (up from 45,000 to 45,500).

Rare Earths Production by Country

Download

Excel (.xlsx) CSV PDF PNG

#	Country	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
1	China	140,000	168,000	210,000	255,000	270,000	270,000
2	United States	39,000	42,000	42,000	41,600	45,500	51,000
3	Myanmar	31,000	35,000	12,000	43,000	27,000	22,000
4	Australia	21,000	24,000	18,000	16,000	29,000	29,000
5	Nigeria	-	-	-	7,200	1500	1500
6	Thailand	3,600	8,200	7,100	3,600	2,100	4,800
7	India	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900
8	Madagascar	2,800	6,800	960	2,100	1400	2,700
9	Russia	2,700	2,600	2,600	2,500	2,600	2,600
10	Vietnam	700	400	1200	300	300	150
11	Brazil	600	500	80	140	560	2000
12	Burundi	300	200	-	-	-	-
13	Malaysia	-	-	80	310	140	110
14	Canada	0	0	0	-	-	-
15	Greenland	0	0	0	-	-	-
16	South Africa	0	0	0	-	-	-
17	Tanzania	0	0	0	-	-	-

Methodology

The earlier figures come from Our World in Data, which compiles national rare earths production figures from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries, the USGS Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities, and the BGS World Mineral Statistics, with major processing by Our World in Data; USGS data is prioritized, with BGS data used to supplement it. The earlier series covers 2020-2024. The 2024 and 2025 figures are estimates from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 where available; Canada, Greenland, South Africa, and Tanzania are listed without values and keep their earlier zeros, while Burundi keeps its 2021 value. Values refer to mine production in terms of rare earth oxide (REO) content, in tonnes, and 2025 figures are preliminary estimates from the source. The sum of individually reported country estimates does not equal the reported World total because the source applies rounding and other adjustments at the country and World levels. In the table, a zero reflects no production, while an empty cell means that no value was reported.