Zirconium and Hafnium Production by Country

Zirconium and hafnium production by country shows how much zirconium mineral concentrate (zircon) each country mines, measured in tonnes. The figures refer to mine production of zirconium mineral concentrates (zircon); hafnium occurs with zirconium in these materials and is included in the source's reporting. The statistics combine an Our World in Data series for the earlier years (2020-2024), built from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries and the BGS World Mineral Statistics, with 2024 and 2025 estimates taken directly from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. The table covers 21 countries included in the underlying data during the period. USGS reports 2025 estimates for 9 countries, which produced a combined 1,203,000 tonnes in 2025; together with the "Other countries" value of 40,000 tonnes, this totals 1,243,000 tonnes, which is 43,000 tonnes above the reported World total of 1,200,000 tonnes in the source. The remaining countries retain their latest available figures from the earlier series, with most of these values from 2023 or earlier.

Largest Zirconium and Hafnium-Producing Countries in 2025

Australia produced the most zirconium in 2025 with 400,000 tonnes. South Africa ranked second with 270,000, followed by Mozambique (160,000), China (100,000), the United States (100,000), Senegal (70,000), Indonesia (52,000), Madagascar (26,000), and Sierra Leone (25,000).

Zirconium and Hafnium Production by Country

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#	Country	Latest Data (tonnes)	Year
1	Australia AU	400,000	2025
2	South Africa ZA	270,000	2025
3	Mozambique MZ	160,000	2025
4	China CN	100,000	2025
5	United States US	100,000	2025
6	Senegal SN	70,000	2025
7	Indonesia ID	52,000	2025
8	Madagascar MG	26,000	2025
9	Sierra Leone SL	25,000	2025
10	Kenya KE	20,000	2024
11	Vietnam VN	18,000	2023
12	India IN	10,000	2023
13	Brazil BR	8,397	2023
14	Russia RU	5,600	2023
15	Gambia GM	4,000	2023
16	Malaysia MY	704	2023
17	Nigeria NG	600	2023
18	Sri Lanka LK	556	2023
19	Türkiye TR	0	2023
20	Ukraine UA	0	2023

Australia alone accounted for about 33 percent of the World total in 2025, and Australia and South Africa together for about 56 percent; the top three countries accounted for about 69 percent. Australia's output was about 1.5 times that of South Africa. Four countries reached at least 100,000 tonnes in 2025: Australia, South Africa, Mozambique, and China.

Zirconium and Hafnium Production Around the World

In Oceania, Australia (400,000) is the dominant producer. In Africa, South Africa (270,000) leads, ahead of Mozambique (160,000), Senegal (70,000), Madagascar (26,000), and Sierra Leone (25,000); Kenya (20,000, 2023), Nigeria (600, 2023), and Gambia (4,000, 2023) retain older values. In Asia, China (100,000) leads, ahead of Indonesia (52,000); Vietnam (18,000, 2023) and India (10,000, 2023) retain older values. In North America, the United States (100,000) is the only listed producer. In Europe, Russia (5,600, 2023) is the largest listed producer, while Ukraine (0, 2023) and Türkiye (0, 2023) retain older zero values.

Largest Changes in Zirconium Production, 2024-2025

Mozambique recorded the largest increase, rising from 124,000 tonnes in 2024 to 160,000 in 2025 (up 36,000, about 29 percent). Senegal rose from 68,000 to 70,000 (up 2,000, about 3 percent). Australia (400,000), China (100,000), the United States (100,000), and Sierra Leone (25,000) held their levels.

The largest decline came from Indonesia, falling from 81,000 to 52,000 tonnes (down 29,000, about 36 percent). South Africa fell from 290,000 to 270,000 (down 20,000, about 7 percent), and Madagascar from 31,000 to 26,000 (down 5,000, about 16 percent).

The World total fell from 1,300,000 to 1,200,000 tonnes (down 100,000, about 7.7 percent); the World total is reported separately from the country figures in the source.

Where the earlier series provided a 2024 value, the revisions are visible: Australia was revised down from 500,000 to 400,000 tonnes, South Africa down from 300,000 to 290,000, Indonesia down from 95,000 to 81,000, Senegal up from 60,000 to 68,000, and Sierra Leone up from 20,000 to 25,000.

Zirconium and Hafnium Production by Country

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#	Country	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
1	Australia	400,000	500,000	500,000	500,000	400,000	400,000
2	South Africa	280,000	320,000	300,000	289,000	290,000	270,000
3	China	140,000	140,000	140,000	100,000	100,000	100,000
4	Mozambique	110,000	100,000	104,000	144,000	124,000	160,000
5	United States	30,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000	100,000
6	Senegal	60,000	64,000	57,000	48,000	68,000	70,000
7	Indonesia	64,000	55,000	97,000	95,000	81,000	52,000
8	Vietnam	11,000	30,000	17,000	18,000	-	-
9	Kenya	29,000	25,928	27,000	20,000	20,000	-
10	Madagascar	25,300	23,100	27,000	34,000	31,000	26,000
11	Ukraine	22,000	22,000	10,000	0	-	-
12	India	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	-	-
13	Russia	6,000	6,650	5,600	5,600	-	-
14	Sierra Leone	6,600	4,100	34,000	28,000	25,000	25,000
15	Nigeria	400	3,530	600	600	-	-
16	Malaysia	157	1518	768	704	-	-
17	Sri Lanka	419	400	267	556	-	-
18	Brazil	10,994	43	6,513	8,397	-	-
19	Gambia	0	0	4,000	4,000	-	-
20	Türkiye	0	0	0	0	-	-

Methodology

The earlier figures come from Our World in Data, which compiles national zirconium production figures from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries and the BGS World Mineral Statistics, with major processing by Our World in Data; USGS data is prioritized, with BGS data used to supplement it. The earlier series covers 2020-2024. The 2024 and 2025 figures are estimates from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 where available; countries not reported individually keep their latest available values from the earlier series, mostly from 2023 or earlier. Values refer to mine production of zirconium mineral concentrates (zircon), in tonnes; hafnium occurs with zirconium in these materials and is included in the source's reporting. The source reports production in thousand-ton units for 2024-2025; values here are expressed in tonnes. The sum of individually reported country estimates does not equal the reported World total because the source applies rounding and other adjustments at the country and World levels. In the table, a zero reflects no production, while an empty cell means that no value was reported.