Pepper Consumption by Country

In 2023, 11 thousand tonnes separated first from second in pepper: Vietnam at 89 thousand tonnes against India at 78, in a 716-thousand-tonne total spread across 164 reporters. Burkina Faso recorded the highest per-capita figure at 3.10 kilograms per person per year. The series spans 2019 through 2023, although some reporters have missing values for individual years.

Third place belongs to the per-capita leader too. Burkina Faso holds 71 thousand tonnes by total and 3.10 kilograms per person, the only reporter in the top three of both lists. Vietnam's own per-capita figure sits far lower at 0.89 kilograms, which is what a 1.14-to-one race looks like from below.

Pepper Food Supply at a Glance

• Vietnam had the largest listed pepper food supply in 2023 at 89 thousand tonnes.
• India ranked second at 78 thousand tonnes, followed by Burkina Faso at 71 thousand tonnes.
• Burkina Faso had the highest per-capita food supply at 3.10 kilograms per person per year.
• The 2023 listed total was 716 thousand tonnes across 164 reporters with reported values.
• Among 162 reporters with data in both 2019 and 2023, listed pepper food supply increased by 107 thousand tonnes, or 17.6 percent.
• The FAO Food element measures food available for human consumption and is not a direct measure of the amount actually eaten.

Key Takeaways

Everything about this table is small except its swings. Vietnam leads at 89 thousand tonnes after climbing from 6 in 2019, while Burkina Faso pairs third place with the per-capita crown at 3.10 kilograms..

The short window fell 38 thousand tonnes on American, Burkinabe and German declines outweighing Zimbabwean, Iraqi and Mexican gains. The long window rose 107 thousand tonnes almost entirely on Vietnam. These figures represent food available for human consumption in the FAO Food Balances and should not be interpreted as the amount of pepper actually eaten.

Pepper Consumption

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#	Country	2023 (thousand tonnes)2023	2023 (kg per person per year)2023
1	Vietnam VN	89	0.89
2	India IN	78	0.05
3	Burkina Faso BF	71	3.1
4	United States US	58	0.17
5	Iraq IQ	38	0.98
6	China CN	37	0.03
7	Indonesia ID	37	0.13
8	Sri Lanka LK	29	1.24
9	Malaysia MY	28	0.81
10	Tajikistan TJ	22	2.15
11	Brazil BR	21	0.1
12	Zimbabwe ZW	20	1.22
13	Mexico MX	14	0.1
14	Pakistan PK	12	0.05
15	United Kingdom GB	10	0.14
16	Germany DE	8	0.09
17	Morocco MA	8	0.2
18	Canada CA	7	0.17
19	Egypt EG	7	0.06
20	Philippines PH	7	0.06
21	Türkiye TR	7	0.08
22	France FR	6	0.09
23	Saudi Arabia SA	6	0.18
24	Ghana GH	5	0.15
25	Jordan JO	5	0.47
26	Poland PL	5	0.12
27	Thailand TH	5	0.07
28	Ethiopia ET	4	0.03
29	Australia AU	3	0.12
30	Italy IT	3	0.05
31	Niger NE	3	0.13
32	Rwanda RW	3	0.18
33	Taiwan TW	3	0.14
34	Yemen YE	3	0.07
35	Argentina AR	2	0.04
36	Austria AT	2	0.23
37	Costa Rica CR	2	0.39
38	Ecuador EC	2	0.12
39	Iran IR	2	0.02
40	Kazakhstan KZ	2	0.07
41	Peru PE	2	0.05
42	South Africa ZA	2	0.02
43	Spain ES	2	0.03
44	Uganda UG	2	0.04
45	Ukraine UA	2	0.06
46	Algeria DZ	1	0.03
47	Bangladesh BD	1	0.01
48	Belgium BE	1	0.09
49	Cambodia KH	1	0.04
50	Czech Republic CZ	1	0.11
51	Denmark DK	1	0.13
52	Dominican Republic DO	1	0.1
53	Finland FI	1	0.09
54	Greece GR	1	0.11
55	Hong Kong HK	1	0.09
56	Hungary HU	1	0.09
57	Ireland IE	1	0.21
58	Israel IL	1	0.1
59	Ivory Coast CI	1	0.02
60	Kuwait KW	1	0.17
61	Lebanon LB	1	0.13
62	Libya LY	1	0.19
63	Mauritania MR	1	0.18
64	Netherlands NL	1	0.03
65	New Zealand NZ	1	0.14
66	Norway NO	1	0.09
67	Oman OM	1	0.13
68	Portugal PT	1	0.05
69	Qatar QA	1	0.22
70	Romania RO	1	0.07
71	Russia RU	1	0.01
72	Senegal SN	1	0.07
73	South Korea KR	1	0.01
74	Sweden SE	1	0.13
75	Switzerland CH	1	0.09
76	Uzbekistan UZ	1	0.03
77	Venezuela VE	1	0.02
78	Afghanistan AF	0	0
79	Albania AL	0	0.03
80	Antigua and Barbuda AG	0	0.67
81	Armenia AM	0	0.09
82	Azerbaijan AZ	0	0.04
83	Bahamas BS	0	0.43
84	Bahrain BH	0	0.26
85	Barbados BB	0	0.38
86	Belarus BY	0	0
87	Belize BZ	0	0.01
88	Bhutan BT	0	0
89	Bolivia BO	0	0.01
90	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	0	0.06
91	Botswana BW	0	0.02
92	Cameroon CM	0	0.01
93	Cape Verde CV	0	0.06
94	Chile CL	0	0.02
95	Colombia CO	0	0.01
96	Comoros KM	0	0.01
97	Congo CG	0	0.01
98	Croatia HR	0	0.12
99	Cyprus CY	0	0.18
100	Djibouti DJ	0	0.05
101	El Salvador SV	0	0.04
102	Estonia EE	0	0.16
103	Eswatini SZ	0	0.01
104	Fiji FJ	0	0.21
105	French Polynesia PF	0	0.37
106	Gabon GA	0	0.02
107	Gambia GM	0	0.01
108	Georgia GE	0	0.08
109	Grenada GD	0	0
110	Guatemala GT	0	0
111	Guinea GN	0	0
112	Guyana GY	0	0.38
113	Haiti HT	0	0
114	Honduras HN	0	0.03
115	Iceland IS	0	0.14
116	Jamaica JM	0	0.12
117	Kyrgyzstan KG	0	0.06
118	Laos LA	0	0
119	Latvia LV	0	0.01
120	Lesotho LS	0	0.11
121	Liberia LR	0	0.01
122	Lithuania LT	0	0.13
123	Luxembourg LU	0	0.08
124	Macau MO	0	0.29
125	Madagascar MG	0	0
126	Malawi MW	0	0.01
127	Maldives MV	0	0.33
128	Malta MT	0	0.09
129	Marshall Islands MH	0	0.11
130	Mauritius MU	0	0.06
131	Moldova MD	0	0.04
132	Mongolia MN	0	0.01
133	Montenegro ME	0	0.06
134	Mozambique MZ	0	0
135	Myanmar MM	0	0
136	Namibia NA	0	0.15
137	Nauru NR	0	0.11
138	Nepal NP	0	0.01
139	New Caledonia NC	0	0.04
140	Nicaragua NI	0	0.02
141	North Macedonia MK	0	0.14
142	Panama PA	0	0.06
143	Papua New Guinea PG	0	0
144	Paraguay PY	0	0.01
145	Saint Kitts and Nevis KN	0	0
146	Saint Lucia LC	0	0.01
147	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC	0	0
148	Samoa WS	0	0.08
149	Sao Tome and Principe ST	0	0.01
150	Serbia RS	0	0.04
151	Seychelles SC	0	0.37
152	Slovakia SK	0	0.03
153	Slovenia SI	0	0.1
154	Suriname SR	0	0.04
155	Syria SY	0	0.01
156	Timor-Leste TL	0	0.03
157	Trinidad and Tobago TT	0	0.08
158	Tunisia TN	0	0.03
159	Turkmenistan TM	0	0.02
160	Tuvalu TV	0	0
161	United Arab Emirates AE	0	0.01
162	Uruguay UY	0	0.04
163	Vanuatu VU	0	0.01
164	Zambia ZM	0	0

Pepper Consumption by Country in 2023

Rank the table by single tonnes and the podium reads 89, 78, 71. Vietnam, India and Burkina Faso sit within 18 thousand tonnes of each other, then daylight: fourth-placed United States at 58, fifth Iraq at 38. The whole top five weighs 334 thousand tonnes.

Shares tell the same compressed story. Vietnam holds 12.4 percent of the 716-thousand-tonne listed total, the top three 33.2 percent and the top ten 68.0 percent. This is a table where eleventh place still matters: Brazil's 21 thousand tonnes sit 17 thousand tonnes behind fifth-placed Iraq.

Minus 38 in a Year of Single-Digit Swings

Among the 164 reporters present in both 2022 and 2023, listed supply slipped from 754 thousand tonnes to 716. The largest single move belongs to the United States, down 18 thousand tonnes (23.7 percent), and nothing else reaches double digits except Zimbabwe's plus 6. Burkina Faso, Germany, South Korea and the United Arab Emirates each fell 6, while Iraq added 4 and Mexico 3.

Plus 107 in Five Years, and 83 of It Is Vietnam

For the 162 reporters with data in both 2019 and 2023, the listed food supply rose from 609 thousand tonnes to 716 thousand tonnes, a gain of 107 thousand tonnes (17.6 percent). The 2019 total includes 163 reporters with reported values, while the 2023 total includes 164; Cuba, with a reported zero in 2019, had no reported 2023 value, while Laos and Tuvalu entered with reported zeros.

Vietnam added 83 thousand tonnes (up 1,383.3 percent from 6 thousand tonnes), Iraq 36 (up 1,800.0 percent), Indonesia 23, Burkina Faso 17 and Brazil 10, while Tajikistan fell 23 (down 51.1 percent), the United States 16 and Germany 12. Strip out Vietnam and the five-year growth shrinks to 24 thousand tonnes. Per capita, Burkina Faso's 3.10 kilograms from 71 thousand tonnes lead Tajikistan at 2.15 kilograms, while Vietnam, first by total, records 0.89 kilograms.

What Does the Pepper Food Supply Measure?

For FAO Food Balances, the figure used here is the FAO item Pepper recorded under the Food element as available for human consumption. It represents food available for human consumption during the reference year rather than a direct estimate of the amount of pepper people actually ate. Other spices recorded under separate items sit outside this figure.

The per-capita figure expresses the same food supply on a population basis, in kilograms per person per year. A country's total quantity and per-capita value therefore answer different questions: total quantity shows the size of the listed food supply, while the per-capita measure adjusts it for population.

Pepper Consumption by Country

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#	Country	2019 (1000 t)	2019 (kg/cap/yr)	2020 (1000 t)	2020 (kg/cap/yr)	2021 (1000 t)	2021 (kg/cap/yr)	2022 (1000 t)	2022 (kg/cap/yr)	2023 (1000 t)	2023 (kg/cap/yr)
1	Vietnam	6	0.07	15	0.16	27	0.27	90	0.91	89	0.89
2	India	71	0.05	72	0.05	67	0.05	78	0.05	78	0.05
3	Burkina Faso	54	2.58	63	2.93	68	3.09	77	3.41	71	3.1
4	United States	74	0.22	76	0.22	83	0.24	76	0.22	58	0.17
5	Iraq	2	0.06	3	0.07	2	0.05	34	0.89	38	0.98
6	China	41	0.03	50	0.03	42	0.03	37	0.03	37	0.03
7	Indonesia	14	0.05	24	0.09	38	0.14	37	0.13	37	0.13
8	Sri Lanka	31	1.4	32	1.4	22	0.98	30	1.33	29	1.24
9	Malaysia	26	0.76	23	0.69	27	0.78	30	0.86	28	0.81
10	Tajikistan	45	4.69	27	2.76	21	2.06	22	2.19	22	2.15
11	Brazil	11	0.06	12	0.06	12	0.05	20	0.09	21	0.1
12	Zimbabwe	21	1.35	26	1.64	20	1.24	14	0.9	20	1.22
13	Mexico	6	0.04	10	0.08	11	0.08	11	0.09	14	0.1
14	Pakistan	11	0.05	13	0.05	17	0.07	9	0.04	12	0.05
15	United Kingdom	11	0.17	13	0.19	12	0.18	11	0.16	10	0.14
16	Germany	20	0.24	19	0.23	17	0.2	14	0.16	8	0.09
17	Morocco	4	0.1	6	0.15	5	0.13	7	0.18	8	0.2
18	Canada	6	0.16	6	0.16	7	0.19	7	0.17	7	0.17
19	Egypt	13	0.12	12	0.11	11	0.1	9	0.08	7	0.06
20	Philippines	7	0.07	7	0.07	8	0.07	8	0.07	7	0.06
21	Türkiye	6	0.07	5	0.06	7	0.08	5	0.06	7	0.08
22	France	5	0.07	6	0.09	7	0.11	6	0.09	6	0.09
23	Saudi Arabia	7	0.23	7	0.24	7	0.23	3	0.1	6	0.18
24	Ghana	4	0.13	4	0.14	5	0.14	5	0.14	5	0.15
25	Jordan	1	0.11	1	0.11	1	0.08	4	0.36	5	0.47
26	Poland	6	0.17	5	0.14	6	0.16	6	0.15	5	0.12
27	Thailand	6	0.09	6	0.09	6	0.08	6	0.08	5	0.07
28	Ethiopia	3	0.03	1	0.01	3	0.03	4	0.03	4	0.03
29	Australia	3	0.13	4	0.15	4	0.17	3	0.13	3	0.12
30	Italy	3	0.05	4	0.07	4	0.07	4	0.07	3	0.05
31	Niger	1	0.03	1	0.05	4	0.15	3	0.14	3	0.13
32	Rwanda	2	0.16	1	0.11	1	0.08	1	0.08	3	0.18
33	Taiwan	4	0.18	4	0.16	4	0.16	3	0.15	3	0.14
34	Yemen	2	0.04	4	0.1	5	0.14	5	0.12	3	0.07
35	Argentina	2	0.03	2	0.04	2	0.04	2	0.04	2	0.04
36	Austria	2	0.18	2	0.22	2	0.25	2	0.23	2	0.23
37	Costa Rica	2	0.34	1	0.26	1	0.23	2	0.36	2	0.39
38	Ecuador	0	0.01	1	0.07	2	0.1	2	0.12	2	0.12
39	Iran	3	0.03	2	0.03	0	0	2	0.02	2	0.02
40	Kazakhstan	1	0.07	1	0.08	1	0.06	1	0.07	2	0.07
41	Peru	1	0.02	2	0.05	1	0.04	2	0.05	2	0.05
42	South Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0.02
43	Spain	3	0.05	3	0.07	3	0.07	1	0.03	2	0.03
44	Uganda	2	0.04	2	0.04	2	0.03	2	0.04	2	0.04
45	Ukraine	2	0.05	3	0.07	3	0.06	3	0.06	2	0.06
46	Algeria	3	0.06	3	0.06	2	0.05	2	0.04	1	0.03
47	Bangladesh	1	0.01	2	0.01	1	0.01	3	0.02	1	0.01
48	Belgium	1	0.08	1	0.08	1	0.11	1	0.09	1	0.09
49	Cambodia	1	0.04	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.04
50	Czech Republic	1	0.07	1	0.08	1	0.09	1	0.11	1	0.11
51	Denmark	1	0.14	1	0.15	1	0.14	1	0.13	1	0.13
52	Dominican Republic	1	0.07	1	0.07	1	0.09	1	0.08	1	0.1
53	Finland	1	0.12	1	0.11	0	0.09	1	0.09	1	0.09
54	Greece	1	0.1	1	0.1	1	0.11	1	0.11	1	0.11
55	Hong Kong	1	0.09	1	0.12	1	0.14	1	0.1	1	0.09
56	Hungary	1	0.09	1	0.1	1	0.12	1	0.11	1	0.09
57	Ireland	1	0.23	1	0.18	1	0.2	1	0.22	1	0.21
58	Israel	1	0.17	2	0.19	2	0.19	1	0.14	1	0.1
59	Ivory Coast	0	0.01	0	0.01	1	0.02	1	0.02	1	0.02
60	Kuwait	1	0.21	1	0.23	1	0.2	1	0.18	1	0.17
61	Lebanon	1	0.14	0	0.07	1	0.1	1	0.14	1	0.13
62	Libya	0	0.04	0	0.03	0	0.06	1	0.08	1	0.19
63	Mauritania	1	0.12	1	0.11	1	0.29	1	0.28	1	0.18
64	Netherlands	7	0.37	4	0.24	5	0.29	4	0.21	1	0.03
65	New Zealand	1	0.14	1	0.12	1	0.16	1	0.14	1	0.14
66	Norway	0	0.09	1	0.1	1	0.11	0	0.09	1	0.09
67	Oman	1	0.23	1	0.19	1	0.16	1	0.18	1	0.13
68	Portugal	0	0.03	0	0.03	0	0.03	0	0.03	1	0.05
69	Qatar	1	0.28	1	0.25	1	0.19	1	0.26	1	0.22
70	Romania	2	0.09	2	0.08	2	0.1	2	0.09	1	0.07
71	Russia	10	0.07	9	0.06	8	0.05	2	0.01	1	0.01
72	Senegal	2	0.14	2	0.1	1	0.06	1	0.04	1	0.07
73	South Korea	6	0.13	8	0.15	7	0.13	7	0.14	1	0.01
74	Sweden	2	0.17	2	0.15	2	0.16	2	0.16	1	0.13
75	Switzerland	1	0.1	1	0.1	1	0.1	1	0.09	1	0.09
76	Uzbekistan	0	0.01	0	0.01	1	0.02	1	0.02	1	0.03
77	Venezuela	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	1	0.02
78	Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0
79	Albania	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.03	0	0.03
80	Antigua and Barbuda	0	0.52	0	0.08	0	0.57	0	0.44	0	0.67
81	Armenia	0	0.09	0	0.08	0	0.06	0	0.08	0	0.09
82	Azerbaijan	0	0.02	0	0.03	0	0.04	0	0.03	0	0.04
83	Bahamas	0	0	0	0	0	0.72	0	0.39	0	0.43
84	Bahrain	0	0.3	0	0.26	0	0.31	0	0.23	0	0.26
85	Barbados	0	0.33	0	0.25	0	0.33	0	0.42	0	0.38
86	Belarus	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.05	0	0.01	0	0
87	Belize	0	0.06	0	0.06	0	0.08	0	0.08	0	0.01
88	Bhutan	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0
89	Bolivia	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01
90	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.07	0	0.06	0	0.08	0	0.06	0	0.06
91	Botswana	0	0.03	0	0.05	0	0.04	0	0.03	0	0.02
92	Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01
93	Cape Verde	0	0.05	0	0.02	0	0.05	0	0.06	0	0.06
94	Chile	1	0.03	1	0.04	1	0.05	1	0.03	0	0.02
95	Colombia	0	0.01	0	0.01	1	0.01	1	0.01	0	0.01
96	Comoros	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01
97	Congo	0	0.01	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.01
98	Croatia	0	0.12	0	0.09	0	0.12	0	0.1	0	0.12
99	Cyprus	0	0.14	0	0.1	0	0.13	0	0.14	0	0.18
100	Djibouti	0	0.07	0	0.12	0	0.13	0	0.03	0	0.05
101	El Salvador	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.03	0	0.03	0	0.04
102	Estonia	0	0.22	0	0.25	0	0.29	0	0.23	0	0.16
103	Eswatini	0	0.03	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01
104	Fiji	0	0.18	0	0.17	0	0.16	0	0.18	0	0.21
105	French Polynesia	0	0.02	0	0.07	0	0.05	0	0.32	0	0.37
106	Gabon	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.02
107	Gambia	1	0.26	1	0.25	1	0.24	0	0.08	0	0.01
108	Georgia	0	0.06	0	0.07	0	0.05	0	0.09	0	0.08
109	Grenada	0	0	0	0.14	0	0.16	0	0	0	0
110	Guatemala	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.02	0	0
111	Guinea	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0
112	Guyana	0	0.25	0	0.36	0	0.38	0	0.42	0	0.38
113	Haiti	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0
114	Honduras	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.03	0	0.03
115	Iceland	0	0.2	0	0.19	0	0.19	0	0.15	0	0.14
116	Jamaica	0	0.09	0	0.05	0	0.13	0	0.09	0	0.12
117	Kyrgyzstan	0	0.05	0	0.05	0	0.03	0	0.05	0	0.06
118	Laos	-	-	0	0.02	0	0	0	0.01	0	0
119	Latvia	0	0.03	0	0.15	0	0.14	0	0	0	0.01
120	Lesotho	0	0.09	0	0.16	1	0.22	1	0.26	0	0.11
121	Liberia	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01
122	Lithuania	0	0.11	0	0.13	0	0.13	0	0.13	0	0.13
123	Luxembourg	0	0.1	0	0.51	0	0.09	0	0.08	0	0.08
124	Macau	0	0.34	0	0.32	0	0.31	0	0.3	0	0.29
125	Madagascar	1	0.02	1	0.04	1	0.04	1	0.04	0	0
126	Malawi	0	0	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01
127	Maldives	0	0.34	0	0.12	0	0.31	0	0.29	0	0.33
128	Malta	0	0.07	0	0.15	0	0.07	0	0.12	0	0.09
129	Marshall Islands	0	0.06	0	0.1	0	0.13	0	0.09	0	0.11
130	Mauritius	0	0.08	0	0.05	0	0.03	0	0.1	0	0.06
131	Moldova	0	0.07	0	0.06	0	0.08	0	0.07	0	0.04
132	Mongolia	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.01
133	Montenegro	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.05	0	0.05	0	0.06
134	Mozambique	2	0.05	2	0.07	1	0.04	0	0	0	0
135	Myanmar	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0
136	Namibia	1	0.27	0	0.16	0	0.15	0	0.14	0	0.15
137	Nauru	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.04	0	0.11
138	Nepal	3	0.09	6	0.21	3	0.1	1	0.03	0	0.01
139	New Caledonia	0	0.11	0	0.05	0	0.1	0	0.09	0	0.04
140	Nicaragua	0	0.01	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.02
141	North Macedonia	0	0.13	0	0.07	0	0.07	0	0.09	0	0.14
142	Panama	0	0.07	0	0.07	0	0.08	0	0.07	0	0.06
143	Papua New Guinea	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0
144	Paraguay	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01
145	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0	0	0.11	0	0.09	0	0.11	0	0
146	Saint Lucia	0	0.07	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0.01
147	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	0	0	0	0	0.06	0	0	0	0
148	Samoa	0	0.08	0	0.09	0	0.08	0	0.07	0	0.08
149	Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01
150	Serbia	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.04	0	0.04
151	Seychelles	0	0.28	0	0.32	0	0.45	0	0.31	0	0.37
152	Slovakia	0	0.06	1	0.12	0	0.06	1	0.1	0	0.03
153	Slovenia	0	0.09	0	0.09	0	0.09	0	0.1	0	0.1
154	Suriname	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.02	0	0.06	0	0.04
155	Syria	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01
156	Timor-Leste	0	0.01	0	0.04	0	0.03	0	0.04	0	0.03
157	Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.1	0	0.19	0	0.18	0	0.17	0	0.08
158	Tunisia	1	0.09	1	0.08	1	0.1	1	0.08	0	0.03
159	Turkmenistan	0	0.01	0	0.03	0	0.02	0	0.03	0	0.02
160	Tuvalu	-	-	0	0	0	0.15	0	0.01	0	0
161	United Arab Emirates	3	0.31	5	0.52	10	0.99	6	0.63	0	0.01
162	Uruguay	0	0.04	0	0.05	0	0.04	0	0.05	0	0.04
163	Vanuatu	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01
164	Zambia	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0
165	Cuba	0	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Pepper Consumption by Country: Quick Answer

In 2023, according to FAO Food Balances, Vietnam had the largest listed food supply of pepper among the 164 reporters with reported values, at 89 thousand tonnes. India ranked second at 78 thousand tonnes, while Burkina Faso ranked third at 71 thousand tonnes. Burkina Faso had the highest per-capita pepper food supply at 3.10 kilograms per person per year. These FAO Food Balances figures represent food available for human consumption, not a direct measurement of pepper actually eaten.

Methodology

Percentage changes use the corresponding value in the earlier year as the base. Yearly totals use FAO Food Balances food quantity (Element 5142, thousand tonnes), while the per-capita figures use food supply quantity (Element 645, kg/capita/year) for Pepper from 2019 through 2023. The Food element represents the quantity available for human consumption during the reference period. It is not a direct measure of the amount actually eaten, as food can be lost or wasted before it is consumed. No percentage change is shown where the base-year value is zero.

The reporter universe for this item contains 165 reporters. The tables list reporters only; aggregate rows such as World, regions and China (aggregate) are excluded, while China figures refer to the China reporter. For year-to-year comparisons, only reporters with values in both endpoint years are included in the arithmetic. A zero indicates a displayed value of zero, while an empty cell indicates that no value is available for that reporter and year.

Quantities of 1,000 thousand tonnes and above are shown as whole numbers; smaller quantities retain up to two decimals. FAO Food Balances primarily use official national statistics, with some data also estimated or imputed where applicable. The FAO dataset reports the Food element in thousand tonnes and food supply quantity in kilograms per capita per year. The 2023 listed total of 716 thousand tonnes is the sum of the 164 reporters with a reported 2023 value; it excludes aggregate rows and reporters without a 2023 value.