Refinery Processing Gain by Country

Refinery processing gain by country measures the volume gain from refining crude oil for each country, in million barrels per day (Mb/d). When crude oil and other refinery inputs are converted into products that are less dense than the inputs, the output takes up more volume than the input — that difference is the processing gain. The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. The table covers 115 countries, with 115 reported 2025 values, and includes data from 2020 to 2025. The world total stood at 2.2910 Mb/d in 2025, up from 2.2759 Mb/d in 2024.

The ranking mirrors where refining happens at scale. The United States (0.9725 Mb/d) reported the largest gain by far, followed by China (0.2845 Mb/d) and India (0.1191 Mb/d). Japan (0.0952 Mb/d) and Canada (0.0713 Mb/d) complete the top five. Empty means no reported value, not zero.

Refinery Processing Gain by Country

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#	Country	2025 (Mb/d)
1	United States US	0.97
2	China CN	0.28
3	India IN	0.12
4	Japan JP	0.1
5	Canada CA	0.07
6	South Korea KR	0.07
7	Brazil BR	0.06
8	Germany DE	0.05
9	United Kingdom GB	0.05
10	Italy IT	0.04
11	Spain ES	0.03
12	Russia RU	0.03
13	France FR	0.03
14	Taiwan TW	0.02
15	Thailand TH	0.02
16	Singapore SG	0.02
17	Saudi Arabia SA	0.02
18	Australia AU	0.02
19	Mexico MX	0.02
20	United Arab Emirates AE	0.02
21	Indonesia ID	0.02
22	Netherlands NL	0.02
23	Malaysia MY	0.01
24	South Africa ZA	0.01
25	Türkiye TR	0.01
26	Belgium BE	0.01
27	Argentina AR	0.01
28	Romania RO	0.01
29	Venezuela VE	0.01
30	Greece GR	0.01
31	Poland PL	0.01
32	Finland FI	0.01
33	Vietnam VN	0.01
34	Colombia CO	0.01
35	Qatar QA	0.01
36	Iran IR	0.01
37	Chile CL	0.01
38	New Zealand NZ	0.01
39	Israel IL	0.01
40	Azerbaijan AZ	0.01
41	Lithuania LT	0
42	Norway NO	0
43	Czech Republic CZ	0
44	Austria AT	0
45	Philippines PH	0
46	Portugal PT	0
47	Hungary HU	0
48	Ukraine UA	0
49	Nigeria NG	0
50	Sweden SE	0
51	Croatia HR	0
52	Bahrain BH	0
53	Turkmenistan TM	0
54	Peru PE	0
55	Slovakia SK	0
56	Kazakhstan KZ	0
57	Denmark DK	0
58	Sudan SD	0
59	Serbia RS	0
60	Bulgaria BG	0
61	Oman OM	0
62	Uzbekistan UZ	0
63	Algeria DZ	0
64	Ivory Coast CI	0
65	Uruguay UY	0
66	Switzerland CH	0
67	Ghana GH	0
68	Trinidad and Tobago TT	0
69	Niger NE	0
70	Cameroon CM	0
71	Myanmar MM	0
72	Jordan JO	0
73	Yemen YE	0
74	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	0
75	Bolivia BO	0
76	Brunei BN	0
77	North Korea KP	0
78	Zambia ZM	0
79	Ireland IE	0
80	Albania AL	0
81	Aruba AW	0
82	Bangladesh BD	0
83	Belarus BY	0
84	Costa Rica CR	0
85	Dominican Republic DO	0
86	El Salvador SV	0
87	Georgia GE	0
88	Guatemala GT	0
89	Kenya KE	0
90	Kyrgyzstan KG	0
91	Morocco MA	0
92	North Macedonia MK	0
93	Papua New Guinea PG	0
94	Puerto Rico PR	0
95	Senegal SN	0
96	Sierra Leone SL	0
97	Tajikistan TJ	0
98	US Virgin Islands VI	0
99	Congo CG	0
100	Martinique MQ	0
101	Nicaragua NI	0
102	Sri Lanka LK	0
103	Tunisia TN	0
104	Gabon GA	0
105	Suriname SR	0
106	Jamaica JM	0
107	Angola AO	0
108	Egypt EG	0
109	Libya LY	0
110	Pakistan PK	0
111	Cuba CU	0
112	Syria SY	0
113	Ecuador EC	0
114	Kuwait KW	0
115	Iraq IQ	-0.01

The United States accounted for about 42.5% of the world total in 2025, about 3.4 times China's gain. The top two together held about 54.9%, the top three about 60.1%, the top five about 67.3%, and the top ten about 79.1%.

Change from 2024 to 2025

Changes in this series are tiny because the underlying volumes barely move. China recorded the largest increase in absolute terms, rising from 0.2813 to 0.2845 Mb/d (+0.0032 Mb/d, about 1.1%). The world total rose from 2.2759 to 2.2910 Mb/d (+0.0151 Mb/d, about 0.7%). Iraq recorded small negative values (-0.0127 Mb/d in 2025), indicating a net processing loss rather than a gain.

How processing gain changed across major refiners

The top ten all increased by about 1% — the United States (+0.3%), China (+1.1%), India (+1.1%), Japan (+1.1%) and the rest in the same narrow band. The series shows steady values with no sharp swings in any major refining country. No major refiner recorded a meaningful decline.

2020 to 2025 in this series

Reported world values were 2.1072 Mb/d in 2020, 2.2629 Mb/d in 2021, 2.3094 Mb/d in 2022, 2.3280 Mb/d in 2023, 2.2759 Mb/d in 2024 and 2.2910 Mb/d in 2025. The series is relatively flat overall, ending about 8.7% above the 2020 level. The largest year-to-year move was a 7.4% increase in 2021, followed by much smaller changes. The figures show the change over time but do not explain its causes.

Processing gain in context

Processing gain is a volumetric effect: when crude oil is converted into products that are less dense than the inputs, the total volume of output can exceed the input volume. At 2.2910 Mb/d globally, it equals about 2.7% of crude production (84.3834 Mb/d) — small in itself, but large enough to matter in supply balances. The ranking therefore tracks refining volume rather than oil wealth: Japan and South Korea rank highly despite having very limited domestic crude production.

Refinery Processing Gain by Country

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#	Country	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
1	United States	0.92	0.96	1.03	1.02	0.97	0.97
2	China	0.25	0.28	0.27	0.28	0.28	0.28
3	India	0.11	0.12	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.12
4	Japan	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.1
5	Canada	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07
6	South Korea	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07
7	Brazil	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
8	Germany	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
9	United Kingdom	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05
10	Italy	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
11	Spain	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
12	Russia	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
13	France	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
14	Taiwan	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
15	Thailand	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
16	Singapore	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
17	Saudi Arabia	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
18	Australia	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
19	Mexico	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
20	United Arab Emirates	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
21	Indonesia	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
22	Netherlands	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
23	Malaysia	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01
24	South Africa	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
25	Türkiye	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
26	Belgium	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
27	Argentina	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
28	Romania	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
29	Venezuela	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
30	Greece	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
31	Poland	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
32	Finland	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
33	Vietnam	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
34	Colombia	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
35	Qatar	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
36	Iran	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
37	Chile	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
38	New Zealand	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
39	Israel	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
40	Azerbaijan	0	0.01	0	0.01	0.01	0.01
41	Lithuania	0	0	0	0	0	0
42	Norway	0	0	0	0	0	0
43	Czech Republic	0	0	0	0.01	0	0
44	Austria	0	0	0	0	0	0
45	Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
46	Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
47	Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
48	Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
49	Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
50	Sweden	0	0	0	0	0	0
51	Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
52	Bahrain	0	0	0	0	0	0
53	Turkmenistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
54	Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
55	Slovakia	0	0	0	0	0	0
56	Kazakhstan	0	0	0	0	0	0
57	Denmark	0	0	0	0	0	0
58	Sudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
59	Serbia	0	0	0	0	0	0
60	Bulgaria	0	0	0	0	0	0
61	Oman	0	0	0	0	0	0
62	Uzbekistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
63	Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
64	Ivory Coast	0	0	0	0	0	0
65	Uruguay	0	0	0	0	0	0
66	Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0
67	Ghana	0	0	0	0	0	0
68	Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
69	Niger	0	0	0	0	0	0
70	Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
71	Myanmar	0	0	0	0	0	0
72	Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0
73	Yemen	0	0	0	0	0	0
74	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
75	Bolivia	0	0	0	0	0	0
76	Brunei	0	0	0	0	0	0
77	North Korea	0	0	0	0	0	0
78	Zambia	0	0	0	0	0	0
79	Ireland	0	0	0	0	0	0
80	Albania	0	0	0	0	0	0
81	Aruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
82	Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
83	Belarus	0	0	0	0	0	0
84	Costa Rica	0	0	0	0	0	0
85	Dominican Republic	0	0	0	0	0	0
86	El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
87	Georgia	0	0	0	0	0	0
88	Guatemala	0	0	0	0	0	0
89	Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
90	Kyrgyzstan	0	0	0	0	0	0
91	Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
92	North Macedonia	0	0	0	0	0	0
93	Papua New Guinea	0	0	0	0	0	0
94	Puerto Rico	0	0	0	0	0	0
95	Senegal	0	0	0	0	0	0
96	Sierra Leone	0	0	0	0	0	0
97	Tajikistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
98	US Virgin Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0
99	Congo	0	0	0	0	0	0
100	Martinique	0	0	0	0	0	0
101	Nicaragua	0	0	0	0	0	0
102	Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
103	Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
104	Gabon	0	0	0	0	0	0
105	Suriname	0	0	0	0	0	0
106	Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
107	Angola	0	0	0	0	0	0
108	Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
109	Libya	0	0	0	0	0	0
110	Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
111	Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
112	Syria	0	0	0	0	0	0
113	Ecuador	0	0	0	0	0	0
114	Kuwait	0	0	0	0	0	0
115	Iraq	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01

Methodology

The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. Values represent annual refinery processing gain in million barrels per day (Mb/d). Negative values indicate a net processing loss. Where no value is available, the cell is left empty. A value of 0 indicates that the source reports zero. The sum of the countries listed on this page may not equal the reported world total because the country-level data presented here do not necessarily represent the complete set of values used for the world total. This page covers refinery processing gain only and does not include crude oil production or petroleum consumption, which are reported separately in the source.