Refugee Population by Country

In 2025, nearly 28.4 million refugees were hosted in 187 countries and territories — roughly equivalent to the entire population of Australia. The global refugee population rose steadily from 20.4 million in 2019 to a peak of 31.6 million in 2023, before declining slightly. This increase was driven by several major conflicts, each sending hundreds of thousands — sometimes millions — of people across borders in search of safety.

The Ukraine Shockwave

The single largest driver of refugee growth in this period was Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Before the war, Ukraine was not a major refugee-producing country. Within months, millions of women, children, and older adults crossed into neighboring countries. Europe responded with an unprecedented policy: the EU activated its Temporary Protection Directive for the first time ever, granting Ukrainians immediate residency, work rights, and access to healthcare and education.

Germany emerged as one of the main host countries. Its refugee population more than doubled from 1.14 million in 2019 to 2.65 million in 2025 — the largest absolute increase of any country. Poland, which had only 12,658 registered refugees in 2019, experienced a dramatic increase to nearly 990,000 by 2025. That is a 7,700% rise in six years. The Czech Republic experienced a similar increase, rising from 2,054 to 395,559. Global refugee numbers jumped from 21.3 million in 2021 to 29.4 million in 2022 — a 38% increase in a single year, largely driven by the Ukraine crisis.

Refugee Population by Country

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#	Country	2025
1	Germany DE	2,655,191
2	Türkiye TR	2,390,414
3	Uganda UG	1,936,719
4	Chad TD	1,502,263
5	Bangladesh BD	1,178,038
6	Pakistan PK	1,159,038
7	Ethiopia ET	1,010,466
8	Poland PL	990,469
9	Sudan SD	809,816
10	France FR	788,419
11	Iran IR	770,514
12	Kenya KE	617,125
13	South Sudan SS	601,818
14	United Kingdom GB	581,072
15	Libya LY	552,523
16	Lebanon LB	535,168
17	Spain ES	511,079
18	DR Congo CD	503,732
19	United States US	457,647
20	Jordan JO	436,226
21	Canada CA	416,028
22	Cameroon CM	408,613
23	Czech Republic CZ	395,559
24	Niger NE	385,986
25	Iraq IQ	322,345
26	Mauritania MR	301,490
27	Mali ML	286,715
28	Austria AT	286,651
29	Netherlands NL	283,935
30	Brazil BR	278,966
31	India IN	238,643
32	Egypt EG	220,033
33	Switzerland CH	208,287
34	Romania RO	206,671
35	Italy IT	192,914
36	Belgium BE	186,393
37	Algeria DZ	180,575
38	Tanzania TZ	171,142
39	Mexico MX	152,002
40	Malaysia MY	150,164
41	Moldova MD	149,324
42	Sweden SE	144,116
43	Slovakia SK	140,885
44	Ireland IE	137,869
45	Greece GR	134,563
46	Norway NO	124,006
47	Nigeria NG	123,848
48	Armenia AM	123,087
49	Rwanda RW	115,794
50	Burundi BI	110,800
51	Bulgaria BG	105,596
52	Finland FI	102,544
53	Denmark DK	95,007
54	Thailand TH	84,017
55	Zambia ZM	83,225
56	Ivory Coast CI	74,630
57	Hungary HU	71,332
58	Portugal PT	70,349
59	Congo CG	62,500
60	Central African Republic CF	55,307
61	South Africa ZA	55,177
62	Lithuania LT	54,381
63	Togo TG	54,167
64	Yemen YE	49,107
65	Cyprus CY	48,207
66	Japan JP	42,450
67	Estonia EE	41,299
68	Burkina Faso BF	40,996
69	Serbia RS	40,863
70	Belarus BY	40,794
71	Costa Rica CR	36,395
72	Malawi MW	35,241
73	Australia AU	33,415
74	Latvia LV	32,454
75	Croatia HR	29,748
76	Georgia GE	26,522
77	Ecuador EC	26,428
78	Angola AO	25,396
79	Djibouti DJ	24,899
80	Ghana GH	21,050
81	Somalia SO	20,967
82	Afghanistan AF	20,869
83	North Macedonia MK	20,822
84	Nepal NP	19,613
85	Senegal SN	17,259
86	Benin BJ	16,974
87	Venezuela VE	14,333
88	Slovenia SI	12,513
89	Montenegro ME	12,269
90	Russia RU	11,811
91	Luxembourg LU	10,284
92	Syria SY	9,885
93	Tajikistan TJ	8,620
94	Zimbabwe ZW	8,570
95	Iceland IS	8,459
96	Malta MT	8,306
97	Papua New Guinea PG	7,727
98	Indonesia ID	7,374
99	Morocco MA	7,304
100	Peru PE	6,788
101	Azerbaijan AZ	6,389
102	Namibia NA	5,470
103	Mozambique MZ	5,105
104	Argentina AR	4,941
105	Albania AL	4,673
106	Paraguay PY	4,621
107	South Korea KR	4,407
108	Kazakhstan KZ	4,377
109	Gambia GM	4,108
110	Uruguay UY	3,195
111	Panama PA	2,694
112	Chile CL	2,631
113	Tunisia TN	2,386
114	Ukraine UA	2,370
115	Guinea GN	2,154
116	New Zealand NZ	2,148
117	Trinidad and Tobago TT	1877
118	Guatemala GT	1586
119	Colombia CO	1464
120	Eswatini SZ	1414
121	United Arab Emirates AE	1377
122	Israel IL	1274
123	Liberia LR	1172
124	Kyrgyzstan KG	1150
125	Bolivia BO	1147
126	Philippines PH	1032
127	Liechtenstein LI	987
128	Botswana BW	847
129	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	586
130	Lesotho LS	478
131	Saudi Arabia SA	448
132	Kuwait KW	386
133	Belize BZ	347
134	Oman OM	289
135	Honduras HN	270
136	Bahrain BH	240
137	Hong Kong HK	236
138	China CN	230
139	Sri Lanka LK	213
140	Qatar QA	195
141	El Salvador SV	182
142	Gabon GA	166
143	Eritrea ER	119
144	Cuba CU	115
145	Madagascar MG	87
146	Cayman Islands KY	53
147	Guyana GY	35
148	Guinea-Bissau GW	24
149	Mauritius MU	24
150	Suriname SR	24
151	Cambodia KH	23
152	Dominican Republic DO	20
153	Monaco MC	17
154	Sint Maarten SX	17
155	Fiji FJ	15
156	Vietnam VN	13
157	Mongolia MN	11
158	Bahamas BS	10
159	Turkmenistan TM	9
160	Turks and Caicos Islands TC	8
161	British Virgin Islands VG	6
162	Barbados BB	5
163	Comoros KM	5
164	Nauru NR	5
165	Uzbekistan UZ	5
166	Saint Kitts and Nevis KN	5
167	Saint Lucia LC	5
168	Samoa WS	0
169	Aruba AW	0
170	Brunei BN	0
171	Curaçao CW	0
172	Dominica DM	0
173	Grenada GD	0
174	Haiti HT	0
175	Jamaica JM	0
176	Myanmar MM	0
177	Nicaragua NI	0
178	Palau PW	0
179	Singapore SG	0
180	Vanuatu VU	0
181	Antigua and Barbuda AG	0
182	Cape Verde CV	0
183	Equatorial Guinea GQ	0
184	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC	0
185	Sierra Leone SL	0
186	Solomon Islands SB	0

Sudan's Collapse and Chad's Burden

In April 2023, fighting erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces in Sudan, triggering one of the fastest-growing displacement crises in the world. Many refugees fled into neighboring Chad. Chad hosted 442,670 refugees in 2019. By 2025, that number had more than tripled to 1.5 million. Despite being one of the poorest countries in the world, Chad now hosts more refugees than France. It ranks near the bottom of the Human Development Index, faces chronic water shortages, and struggles with recurring food insecurity.

Syria's Long Shadow

The Syrian civil war, which began in 2011, continues to shape refugee patterns. Türkiye became the world's largest host of Syrian refugees, peaking at 3.76 million in 2021. Since then, numbers have declined to 2.39 million in 2025, reflecting returns to parts of Syria and onward migration to Europe. Yet even with this decline, Türkiye remains the second-largest host country globally, carrying a burden greater than most EU nations.

Note: Iran's numbers show unusual volatility — from 800,025 in 2020 to 3.76 million in 2023, then back to 770,514 in 2025. This likely reflects reporting methodology changes for Iran's decades-old Afghan refugee population, rather than an abrupt change in refugee movements.

Afghanistan, Rohingya, and South Sudan

Three other protracted crises also contribute to the numbers. After the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in 2021, Pakistan's already large Afghan refugee population grew further, reaching 1.15 million in 2025, though this remains below its 2019 level of 1.41 million. Bangladesh continues to host over 1.17 million Rohingya refugees who fled Myanmar's military crackdown in 2017.

 The Kutupalong camp complex in Cox's Bazar remains the largest refugee settlement in the world. Numbers have grown steadily from 854,779 in 2019 to over a million by 2025. Uganda, with 1.93 million refugees, continues to receive people fleeing South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Unlike most host countries, Uganda grants refugees land plots, freedom of movement, and the right to work — a rare model of integration compared with many other host countries.

The Big Picture

Most refugees are not hosted by the wealthiest nations, but by countries near conflict zones. Four Sub-Saharan African nations — Uganda, Chad, Ethiopia, and Sudan — together host over 5.3 million refugees, nearly one-fifth of the global total, carried by some of the least resourced countries on earth. Meanwhile, a handful of nations — Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Cabo Verde — report zero refugees across all seven years. The 2019-2025 trends also reveal how quickly displacement can escalate. The global refugee population grew by 9 million in just two years (2021-2023), then declined by 3 million in the following two years. These fluctuations reflect new conflicts, refugee returns, policy changes, and updates to registration methods.

Refugee Population by Country

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#	Country	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
1	Germany	1,146,682	1,210,596	1,255,694	2,075,445	2,593,007	2,749,266	2,655,191
2	Türkiye	3,579,531	3,652,362	3,759,817	3,568,259	3,251,127	2,940,735	2,390,414
3	Uganda	1,359,458	1,421,133	1,529,903	1,463,523	1,577,498	1,759,492	1,936,719
4	Chad	442,670	478,649	555,782	592,764	1,100,921	1,278,866	1,502,263
5	Bangladesh	854,779	866,534	918,907	952,384	971,984	1,005,602	1,178,038
6	Pakistan	1,419,596	1,438,940	1,491,070	1,743,785	1,988,231	1,560,480	1,159,038
7	Ethiopia	733,123	800,454	821,283	879,598	979,846	1,008,826	1,010,466
8	Poland	12,658	2,771	4,875	971,129	971,478	1,008,871	990,469
9	Sudan	1,055,489	1,040,288	1,103,918	1,097,128	922,474	793,395	809,816
10	France	407,915	436,055	499,914	612,934	664,366	721,771	788,419
11	Iran	979,435	800,025	798,343	3,425,091	3,764,517	3,489,257	770,514
12	Kenya	438,899	452,916	481,048	504,473	538,899	604,257	617,125
13	South Sudan	298,309	314,438	333,673	308,369	381,236	514,794	601,818
14	United Kingdom	133,083	132,304	137,078	328,989	448,620	515,677	581,072
15	Libya	4,730	4,149	3,141	2,208	1837	200,335	552,523
16	Lebanon	916,141	870,388	845,865	818,861	788,472	758,642	535,168
17	Spain	57,751	103,624	122,539	314,490	385,701	429,333	511,079
18	DR Congo	523,733	490,243	524,148	520,544	523,392	517,404	503,732
19	United States	341,715	340,846	339,179	363,059	409,202	435,333	457,647
20	Jordan	693,668	702,461	712,823	697,761	684,066	643,641	436,226
21	Canada	101,757	109,214	130,125	140,621	169,448	269,496	416,028
22	Cameroon	406,259	436,396	457,269	473,887	485,285	427,706	408,613
23	Czech Republic	2054	1919	1909	435,212	377,120	391,133	395,559
24	Niger	179,997	233,293	249,945	255,307	269,996	369,836	385,986
25	Iraq	273,986	270,377	280,072	273,716	286,480	318,461	322,345
26	Mauritania	84,900	93,607	101,942	100,981	112,549	155,193	301,490
27	Mali	26,672	47,380	49,975	60,637	66,443	135,533	286,715
28	Austria	135,951	141,816	152,514	258,613	257,811	284,828	286,651
29	Netherlands	94,417	95,897	99,585	237,368	237,767	263,399	283,935
30	Brazil	32,844	59,092	61,956	67,522	235,765	257,079	278,966
31	India	195,103	195,373	212,413	242,835	252,867	236,763	238,643
32	Egypt	258,391	272,826	280,686	294,632	240,507	238,014	220,033
33	Switzerland	110,162	115,798	118,829	182,474	192,507	196,167	208,287
34	Romania	3,860	3,581	4,200	105,621	87,487	184,529	206,671
35	Italy	207,602	128,033	144,862	296,181	298,296	312,849	192,914
36	Belgium	61,662	64,973	74,063	150,713	167,831	183,551	186,393
37	Algeria	98,599	97,651	97,890	99,107	98,590	183,368	180,575
38	Tanzania	242,171	234,645	207,101	206,229	188,953	176,859	171,142
39	Mexico	28,517	45,434	73,448	95,579	124,784	150,836	152,002
40	Malaysia	129,102	129,902	132,086	134,554	135,872	138,417	150,164
41	Moldova	417	405	349	105,374	120,947	135,941	149,324
42	Sweden	253,787	248,372	240,854	277,726	237,632	163,029	144,116
43	Slovakia	965	1006	1046	96,563	126,866	144,269	140,885
44	Ireland	7,795	9,035	9,571	81,256	113,902	124,730	137,869
45	Greece	80,454	103,101	119,650	160,761	192,384	116,450	134,563
46	Norway	53,882	49,653	46,042	75,311	103,606	123,981	124,006
47	Nigeria	54,157	66,056	77,132	91,275	69,940	96,387	123,848
48	Armenia	17,980	107,910	34,728	34,634	150,080	144,379	123,087
49	Rwanda	145,054	139,491	121,896	120,753	115,643	114,368	115,794
50	Burundi	78,465	75,461	81,491	84,636	85,229	89,075	110,800
51	Bulgaria	20,438	21,113	22,830	176,297	97,618	108,747	105,596
52	Finland	23,458	23,428	24,078	69,553	89,869	93,182	102,544
53	Denmark	37,533	36,643	36,023	67,772	68,912	98,204	95,007
54	Thailand	97,556	96,179	100,510	94,472	87,314	84,421	84,017
55	Zambia	57,518	66,070	75,154	61,159	72,411	79,275	83,225
56	Ivory Coast	2020	2086	4,349	2,251	2,370	2,377	74,630
57	Hungary	5,750	5,838	5,676	35,370	63,180	72,359	71,332
58	Portugal	2,375	2,405	2,651	59,777	62,807	68,603	70,349
59	Congo	25,668	27,097	40,765	41,557	60,637	62,052	62,500
60	Central African Republic	7,170	9,083	9,305	11,213	32,913	45,108	55,307
61	South Africa	78,395	76,729	75,512	66,596	67,145	71,171	55,177
62	Lithuania	1822	1880	1880	67,638	80,225	53,561	54,381
63	Togo	11,964	10,798	10,683	9,300	28,240	47,494	54,167
64	Yemen	268,503	166,906	89,467	77,458	55,568	46,827	49,107
65	Cyprus	12,311	13,997	16,277	29,280	39,044	45,750	48,207
66	Japan	1463	1132	1508	15,451	22,335	29,068	42,450
67	Estonia	331	277	321	40,806	42,005	42,267	41,299
68	Burkina Faso	25,869	20,252	25,010	34,375	37,735	39,915	40,996
69	Serbia	26,427	26,085	25,644	26,521	29,365	36,068	40,863
70	Belarus	2,725	2,900	2,729	19,715	39,981	43,397	40,794
71	Costa Rica	6,204	9,593	10,224	14,088	23,422	31,632	36,395
72	Malawi	14,087	14,892	21,529	35,162	35,201	35,510	35,241
73	Australia	58,529	57,411	55,606	54,430	34,502	29,511	33,415
74	Latvia	665	637	705	39,055	45,761	49,220	32,454
75	Croatia	916	956	1020	20,638	25,029	28,707	29,748
76	Georgia	1355	1780	1818	27,839	26,019	31,027	26,522
77	Ecuador	104,560	104,582	56,603	60,125	62,899	23,218	26,428
78	Angola	25,793	25,791	26,045	25,514	25,174	25,275	25,396
79	Djibouti	19,639	21,193	23,232	20,383	23,063	23,987	24,899
80	Ghana	11,946	12,406	11,894	8,531	7,057	7,479	21,050
81	Somalia	17,882	11,220	13,804	16,023	17,770	19,503	20,967
82	Afghanistan	72,227	72,278	66,949	52,159	34,826	20,866	20,869
83	North Macedonia	354	303	292	7,065	18,898	20,911	20,822
84	Nepal	19,570	19,555	19,574	19,560	19,582	19,598	19,613
85	Senegal	14,467	14,361	14,479	11,802	11,856	11,836	17,259
86	Benin	1238	1396	1736	1779	2,825	16,232	16,974
87	Venezuela	67,749	68,089	39,328	29,341	29,336	19,333	14,333
88	Slovenia	741	823	839	8,705	10,525	12,524	12,513
89	Montenegro	653	166	175	32,438	64,733	18,670	12,269
90	Russia	42,413	20,260	10,901	1,277,672	1,230,131	10,077	11,811
91	Luxembourg	2,548	5,158	6,011	11,952	13,735	10,059	10,284
92	Syria	16,213	15,304	14,308	13,121	12,011	11,635	9,885
93	Tajikistan	3,788	5,578	10,724	8,608	10,092	12,157	8,620
94	Zimbabwe	8,956	9,261	9,483	10,475	10,114	9,240	8,570
95	Iceland	894	1460	1830	5,240	8,715	7,879	8,459
96	Malta	8,908	9,168	9,335	11,098	11,724	7,814	8,306
97	Papua New Guinea	9,698	10,781	11,839	10,524	10,523	7,732	7,727
98	Indonesia	10,287	10,114	9,982	9,785	8,450	7,799	7,374
99	Morocco	6,642	6,505	7,272	7,907	8,295	7,470	7,304
100	Peru	2,850	4,272	5,790	6,543	6,712	6,742	6,788
101	Azerbaijan	1109	1572	1676	6,414	5,771	6,431	6,389
102	Namibia	3,182	3,578	3,733	4,685	5,157	5,258	5,470
103	Mozambique	4,713	4,757	4,797	4,992	5,152	5,370	5,105
104	Argentina	3,857	3,965	4,050	4,094	4,104	4,409	4,941
105	Albania	120	105	109	2,676	5,079	9,381	4,673
106	Paraguay	1014	1686	4,484	5,420	5,991	6,071	4,621
107	South Korea	3,196	3,443	3,559	3,825	4,053	4,241	4,407
108	Kazakhstan	518	440	352	308	42,685	65,833	4,377
109	Gambia	4,302	4,378	4,418	3,685	3,809	3,964	4,108
110	Uruguay	498	664	877	1115	1285	1322	3,195
111	Panama	2,536	2,562	2,542	2,576	2,724	2,658	2,694
112	Chile	2046	2053	2065	2,133	2,338	2,443	2,631
113	Tunisia	1732	2,580	3,186	3,299	3,994	2,955	2,386
114	Ukraine	2,166	2,249	2,382	2,520	2,512	2,389	2,370
115	Guinea	4,964	6,029	5,741	2,199	2,191	2,171	2,154
116	New Zealand	1709	1748	1794	1791	1837	2063	2,148
117	Trinidad and Tobago	2,308	3,179	3,571	3,424	3,205	3,328	1877
118	Guatemala	408	442	479	701	989	1306	1586
119	Colombia	634	957	1504	1607	1382	1306	1464
120	Eswatini	940	945	895	1173	1202	1295	1414
121	United Arab Emirates	1242	1315	1355	1399	1416	1377	1377
122	Israel	16,107	1843	1191	1207	1235	1266	1274
123	Liberia	8,225	8,213	8,169	620	1164	1167	1172
124	Kyrgyzstan	347	334	317	274	27,790	23,678	1150
125	Bolivia	863	1116	1116	1116	1117	1117	1147
126	Philippines	680	709	801	856	934	962	1032
127	Liechtenstein	125	129	133	524	597	841	987
128	Botswana	1113	617	688	733	761	816	847
129	Bosnia and Herzegovina	5,241	5,232	240	274	348	495	586
130	Lesotho	143	271	296	251	319	419	478
131	Saudi Arabia	315	330	333	454	477	448	448
132	Kuwait	686	732	720	684	572	488	386
133	Belize	29	29	86	145	214	286	347
134	Oman	308	308	295	295	300	294	289
135	Honduras	75	85	144	165	182	202	270
136	Bahrain	251	256	256	255	254	250	240
137	Hong Kong	128	245	271	285	301	260	236
138	China	303,379	303,405	303,436	320	296	261	230
139	Sri Lanka	1041	1008	907	504	377	232	213
140	Qatar	202	201	197	197	197	197	195
141	El Salvador	48	48	98	104	106	120	182
142	Gabon	454	467	272	205	204	179	166
143	Eritrea	199	201	121	119	119	119	119
144	Cuba	233	222	199	174	136	130	115
145	Madagascar	113	112	165	119	49	83	87
146	Cayman Islands	34	38	57	47	49	50	53
147	Guyana	14	23	40	12	27	27	35
148	Guinea-Bissau	1846	1846	1846	24	24	24	24
149	Mauritius	20	20	10	0	5	10	24
150	Suriname	44	19	29	25	24	24	24
151	Cambodia	0	0	24	24	24	23	23
152	Dominican Republic	164	162	162	546	778	18	20
153	Monaco	22	22	17	17	17	17	17
154	Sint Maarten	5	0	0	0	5	12	17
155	Fiji	12	14	18	5	15	15	15
156	Vietnam	0	0	0	0	19	19	13
157	Mongolia	0	0	0	10	10	11	11
158	Bahamas	10	15	10	10	0	10	10
159	Turkmenistan	21	20	16	14	3,614	3,409	9
160	Turks and Caicos Islands	5	8	7	7	7	8	8
161	British Virgin Islands	0	0	0	0	0	5	6
162	Barbados	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
163	Comoros	0	0	27	12	10	5	5
164	Nauru	755	1074	953	45	0	5	5
165	Uzbekistan	13	13	13,032	13,026	9,405	8,505	5
166	Saint Kitts and Nevis	5	0	0	0	19	5	5
167	Saint Lucia	0	0	0	0	0	5	5
168	Samoa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
169	Aruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
170	Brunei	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
171	Curaçao	42	68	0	0	0	0	0
172	Dominica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
173	Grenada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
174	Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
175	Jamaica	0	27	31	31	0	0	0
176	Myanmar	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
177	Nicaragua	322	311	313	312	311	0	0
178	Palau	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
179	Singapore	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
180	Vanuatu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
181	Antigua and Barbuda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
182	Cape Verde	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
183	Equatorial Guinea	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
184	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
185	Sierra Leone	441	342	345	0	0	0	0
186	Solomon Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Data Notes

This dataset covers 187 countries and territories, tracking the number of refugees registered in each country of asylum annually from 2019 to 2025. Figures are drawn from UNHCR's persons of concern database. Refugee figures refer to refugees residing in each country of asylum, not refugees originating from that country. Values represent end-of-year counts and may differ from mid-year or monthly reporting. Some volatility in specific countries may reflect changes in registration methodology rather than actual population movement.