Titanium Reserves by Country (Ilmenite)

The figures come from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2019-2026 and describe ilmenite reserves in thousand metric tons of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) content. Reserves are estimated quantities that can be economically extracted, not the amount mined in a given year. The ranking spans 14 countries, with 9 reported 2025 values and 447,900 thousand metric tons in listed reserves.

Australia (170,000 thousand metric tons) leads China (110,000), with the pair holding about 62.5% of the listed total between them. Canada (50,000), Norway (37,000) and Madagascar (30,000) follow — the top five hold nearly nine-tenths of the table. USGS reports 46,000 thousand metric tons under Other countries.

Titanium Reserves by Country (Ilmenite)

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#	Country	Latest Data (thousand metric tons)	Year
1	Australia AU	170,000	2025
2	China CN	110,000	2025
3	Canada CA	50,000	2025
4	Brazil BR	43,000	2023
5	Norway NO	37,000	2025
6	Madagascar MG	30,000	2025
7	South Africa ZA	28,000	2025
8	Mozambique MZ	22,000	2023
9	India IN	15,000	2025
10	Ukraine UA	5,900	2025
11	Sierra Leone SL	2,900	2023
12	United States US	2000	2025
13	Vietnam VN	1600	2023
14	Kenya KE	130	2023

Five reporters with 2023 values — Brazil, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Vietnam and Kenya — published nothing in 2024 or 2025.

Five countries lose reported values after 2023

Brazil (43,000 through 2023), Mozambique (22,000), Sierra Leone (2,900), Vietnam (1,600) and Kenya (130) have no reported values for 2024 or 2025. Their last reported figures totaled 69,630 thousand metric tons, about 15.5% of the current listed total. The 2025 ranking is therefore based on nine reported values, not fourteen.

India's cut, China's halving

India reported 85,000 thousand metric tons from 2018 through 2023, then 15,000 for 2024 (-82.4%). China fell from 210,000 to 110,000 for 2024 (-47.6%) and held that figure in 2025. Two of the former top three were revised downward within a year of each other, leaving Australia in first place.

Canada climbs, others freeze

Canada rose from 31,000 thousand metric tons through 2022 to 52,000 for 2023 (+67.7%), then eased to 50,000. Norway (37,000), Ukraine (5,900) and the United States (2,000) have reported the same reserve figures throughout the series. Kenya had the steepest long-term decline, falling from 54,000 in 2018 to 130 in 2023 — a 99.8% decline — before no longer reporting a value.

Titanium Reserves by Country (Ilmenite)

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#	Country	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
1	Australia	250,000	250,000	150,000	160,000	160,000	180,000	180,000	170,000
2	China	230,000	230,000	230,000	230,000	190,000	210,000	110,000	110,000
3	India	85,000	85,000	85,000	85,000	85,000	85,000	15,000	15,000
4	South Africa	63,000	35,000	35,000	30,000	30,000	28,000	28,000	28,000
5	Kenya	54,000	850	440	390	390	130	-	-
6	Brazil	43,000	43,000	43,000	43,000	43,000	43,000	-	-
7	Madagascar	40,000	8,600	23,000	22,000	22,000	27,000	30,000	30,000
8	Norway	37,000	37,000	37,000	37,000	37,000	37,000	37,000	37,000
9	Canada	31,000	31,000	31,000	31,000	31,000	52,000	51,000	50,000
10	Mozambique	14,000	14,000	26,000	26,000	26,000	22,000	-	-
11	Ukraine	5,900	5,900	5,900	5,900	5,900	5,900	5,900	5,900
12	United States	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000	2000
13	Vietnam	1600	1600	1600	1600	1600	1600	-	-
14	Sierra Leone	490	490	490	490	490	2,900	-	-

Methodology

Figures come from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2019-2026, with 2025 values estimated. Units are thousand metric tons of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) content, as reported by USGS. This page measures ilmenite; rutile is published as a separate series and the two are not interchangeable. Empty means the source reported no value; 0 means the source reports zero. The source’s world total, where published, may be rounded, approximate, a lower bound, or a textual estimate, so shares are computed against the sum of the listed countries. Reserves and production are different measures and should not be combined without equalizing units.