Wheat Production by Country 2026
Wheat stands as humanity's most widely cultivated crop, spanning 220 million hectares across 125 countries, with China leading production at 136.6 million tonnes in 2023, projected to reach 137.0 million tonnes by 2025. Global output reached 799.0 million tonnes in 2023, down 1.5% from 2022's record harvest, with India producing 110.6 million tonnes and Russia contributing 91.5 million tonnes. This ancient grain, domesticated 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, provides 20% of global dietary protein and calories, forming the foundation of bread, pasta, noodles, and countless other foods across diverse cultures. Unlike rice's regional concentration, wheat cultivation spans from Arctic Circle to equator, from sea level to 4,000-meter elevations, making it truly global staple crop supporting food security for billions.
🏆 China's Self-Sufficiency Drive
China leads global wheat production with 136.6 million tonnes in 2023, up from 131.4 million in 2018, demonstrating steady 0.8% annual growth. Production concentrates in North China Plain (Henan, Shandong, Hebei provinces) and Yangtze River valley, with winter wheat accounting for 95% of output. China prioritizes wheat self-sufficiency for food security, maintaining 95% self-sufficiency ratio despite being world's largest consumer at 140 million tonnes annually. Government minimum purchase prices, subsidies, and strategic reserves support farmers. However, yields plateau around 5.5 tonnes/hectare—below European levels of 7-9 tonnes—due to small farm sizes, fragmented land, and aging farmer population. Quality concerns persist as domestic wheat often lacks protein content and gluten strength for premium bread-making, necessitating imports of high-quality wheat from Australia, Canada, and USA for blending.
Wheat Production by Country 2026
🌏 India's Production Surge
India produces 110.6 million tonnes with impressive growth from 99.9 million in 2018, ranking second globally. Production concentrates in Indo-Gangetic Plains spanning Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh, where Green Revolution transformed wheat cultivation in 1960s-70s. India achieved self-sufficiency and became net exporter, shipping 10-12 million tonnes annually to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Middle East. Government procurement at minimum support prices ensures farmer income while building strategic reserves exceeding 30 million tonnes. However, sustainability concerns mount—Punjab and Haryana deplete groundwater rapidly through intensive rice-wheat rotation requiring heavy irrigation. Yields average 3.5 tonnes/hectare, half of European levels, indicating improvement potential. Rising temperatures threaten production as wheat requires cool winters (10-15°C) for optimal growth, with each 1°C increase reducing yields 4-6%.
🌾 Russia's Export Power
Russia produces 91.5 million tonnes in 2023, showing high volatility from 72.1 million in 2018 to 104.2 million in 2022, reflecting weather variability across vast production zones. Spring wheat dominates in Siberia and Urals, while winter wheat grows in southern regions including Krasnodar, Stavropol, and Rostov. Russia transformed from Soviet-era grain importer to world's largest wheat exporter, shipping 45-50 million tonnes annually—nearly 20% of global trade. Low production costs due to large mechanized farms, cheap land, and minimal input use enable competitive pricing. However, protein content often lower than North American wheat, limiting premium market access. Climate change benefits Russian wheat belt through longer growing seasons and northward expansion, though drought risk increases in southern regions.
🌍 European Breadbasket
European Union collectively produces 130+ million tonnes, though fragmented across member states. France leads EU with 36.0 million tonnes, emphasizing high-quality bread wheat and durum for pasta. Germany produces 21.5 million tonnes with focus on milling wheat. Poland contributes 12.9 million tonnes with rapid growth. Ukraine produces 21.6 million tonnes, down from 32.2 million in 2021 due to ongoing conflict disrupting Black Sea exports—Ukraine historically exported 18-20 million tonnes, primarily to Middle East and North Africa. Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary combine for 25+ million tonnes. UK produces 14.0 million tonnes, though yields fluctuate with weather. European wheat achieves world's highest yields (7-9 tonnes/hectare) through intensive management, high fertilizer use, fungicide applications, and advanced varieties. However, environmental regulations increasingly restrict input use, potentially limiting future yields.
🌎 Americas Production
United States produces 49.3 million tonnes in 2023, down from 51.3 million in 2018, with production spanning multiple classes and regions. Hard red winter wheat dominates Great Plains (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas) for bread flour. Hard red spring wheat grows in northern plains (North Dakota, Montana) prized for high protein. Soft red winter wheat in eastern states suits cakes and pastries. White wheat in Pacific Northwest serves Asian noodle markets. Durum wheat in North Dakota becomes pasta. USA exports 25-30 million tonnes annually, competing on quality rather than price. Canada produces 32.0 million tonnes, concentrated in Prairie provinces (Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba), with Canadian Western Red Spring wheat commanding premium prices for superior protein and gluten strength. Argentina produces 12.6 million tonnes with high volatility, exporting 10-12 million tonnes primarily to Brazil and other South American markets. Australia produces 41.2 million tonnes in 2023, up dramatically from 20.9 million in 2018, with production highly variable due to drought cycles—Australia exports 18-22 million tonnes of high-protein wheat to Asia and Middle East.
🌱 Wheat Types and Uses
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) accounts for 95% of production, classified by hardness, color, and planting season. Hard wheat contains high protein (12-15%) and strong gluten for bread, pizza, and noodles. Soft wheat has lower protein (8-10%) for cakes, cookies, and pastries. Red wheat has darker bran; white wheat milder flavor. Winter wheat planted in autumn, overwintering dormant, harvested early summer—accounts for 75% of production with higher yields. Spring wheat planted in spring, harvested late summer—grown where winters too harsh for winter wheat survival. Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is hardest wheat with highest protein, exclusively for pasta, couscous, and bulgur—Italy, Canada, and USA lead durum production. Milling extracts 72-76% of wheat kernel as white flour, removing bran and germ. Whole wheat flour retains all components, providing more fiber and nutrients but shorter shelf life.
📊 Global Trade and Food Security
Wheat ranks as most traded agricultural commodity with 200+ million tonnes (25% of production) crossing borders annually, connecting surplus producers with deficit consumers. Russia leads exports (45-50 million tonnes), followed by USA (25-30 million), Canada (20-25 million), France (18-20 million), Ukraine (18-20 million pre-conflict), Australia (18-22 million), and Argentina (10-12 million). Major importers include Egypt (12-13 million tonnes—world's largest importer), Indonesia (10-11 million), Turkey (8-10 million), Algeria (8-9 million), and numerous Middle Eastern and North African countries dependent on imports for 50-90% of consumption. Wheat prices show high volatility—2008 and 2011 price spikes triggered food riots across importing nations. Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine disrupted 30 million tonnes of Black Sea exports, causing prices to surge 50% before stabilizing as alternative supply routes emerged. Most governments maintain strategic wheat reserves and intervene in markets to ensure affordable bread—politically sensitive as wheat price increases directly impact poor consumers spending 50%+ of income on food.
🌡️ Climate Change and Sustainability
Wheat faces mounting climate challenges as optimal growing temperatures (15-20°C during grain filling) increasingly exceeded. Heat stress during flowering reduces grain number; during grain filling reduces grain size—each causing 3-5% yield loss per 1°C above optimal. Drought stress at critical growth stages devastates yields. Irregular rainfall patterns disrupt planting and harvesting. Pest and disease ranges expand—wheat rust diseases threaten production across Africa and Asia. However, wheat shows greater heat tolerance than rice or maize, with breeding programs developing varieties tolerant to 35-40°C. Water use efficiency improvements through deficit irrigation and drought-tolerant varieties address scarcity. Conservation agriculture using no-till, crop rotation, and cover crops improves soil health while reducing erosion. Precision agriculture optimizes fertilizer and pesticide applications. Nitrogen fertilizer use—wheat consumes 20% of global fertilizer—contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, driving research into nitrogen-efficient varieties and biological nitrogen fixation.
🔮 Future Outlook
Global wheat demand projected to reach 850-900 million tonnes by 2030, requiring 10-15% production increase. Population growth, rising incomes, and dietary shifts toward wheat-based foods in Asia and Africa drive demand. However, yield growth rates declining from 2% annually in 1980s-90s to under 1% currently as farmers approach biological yield ceilings. Arable land expansion limited by urbanization and environmental constraints. Climate change poses existential threat to major production regions—Indian wheat belt faces heat stress, Australian wheat belt experiences intensifying droughts, European wheat confronts irregular rainfall. Genetic improvement through conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, and potentially genetic modification offers hope for heat-tolerant, drought-resistant, disease-resistant, and nitrogen-efficient varieties. Wheat's genetic complexity—hexaploid genome with 17 billion base pairs, five times larger than human genome—complicates breeding but provides vast genetic diversity for adaptation. The crop's global distribution, genetic diversity, and research investment position wheat to continue feeding billions, though production must intensify sustainably while adapting to rapidly changing climate.
Wheat Production by Country 2026
| # |
Country
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
2021
|
2022
|
2023
|
2025 (est.)
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
131,440,500 | 133,596,300 | 134,250,000 | 136,946,000 | 137,720,000 | 136,590,100 | 137,000,250 |
| 2 |
|
99,869,520 | 103,596,230 | 107,860,510 | 109,586,500 | 107,742,070 | 110,553,675 | 109,516,759 |
| 3 |
|
72,136,149 | 74,452,692 | 85,896,326 | 76,060,948 | 104,233,944 | 91,500,000 | 92,232,373 |
| 4 |
|
51,305,540 | 52,580,890 | 49,751,180 | 44,803,690 | 44,897,830 | 49,313,930 | 47,087,052 |
| 5 |
|
20,941,134 | 17,597,561 | 14,480,217 | 31,922,555 | 36,237,477 | 41,199,486 | 37,855,497 |
| 6 |
|
35,424,140 | 40,604,960 | 30,181,140 | 36,559,450 | 34,632,380 | 35,995,570 | 35,699,389 |
| 7 |
|
32,351,900 | 32,669,800 | 35,437,200 | 22,422,100 | 34,334,787 | 31,954,115 | 30,761,914 |
| 8 |
|
25,076,149 | 24,348,983 | 25,247,511 | 27,464,081 | 26,208,672 | 28,160,500 | 27,435,668 |
| 9 |
|
24,652,840 | 28,370,280 | 24,912,350 | 32,183,300 | 20,729,240 | 21,625,170 | 23,468,017 |
| 10 |
|
20,263,500 | 23,062,600 | 22,172,100 | 21,459,200 | 22,587,300 | 21,535,900 | 21,835,980 |
| 11 |
|
20,000,000 | 19,000,000 | 20,500,000 | 17,650,000 | 19,750,000 | 22,000,000 | 20,455,000 |
| 12 |
|
18,518,045 | 19,459,727 | 19,776,942 | 17,644,277 | 22,150,287 | 12,555,860 | 16,451,872 |
| 13 |
|
13,555,000 | 16,225,000 | 9,658,000 | 13,988,000 | 15,540,000 | 13,980,000 | 14,449,600 |
| 14 |
|
13,300,000 | 13,715,300 | 13,540,500 | 12,000,000 | 13,200,000 | 14,000,000 | 13,360,000 |
| 15 |
|
13,944,108 | 11,451,649 | 14,257,950 | 11,814,124 | 16,404,491 | 12,110,913 | 13,339,629 |
| 16 |
|
9,637,620 | 10,807,490 | 12,515,060 | 11,893,550 | 13,195,120 | 12,932,390 | 12,803,441 |
| 17 |
|
8,348,629 | 8,558,807 | 9,101,785 | 9,842,411 | 9,622,993 | 9,700,000 | 9,705,380 |
| 18 |
|
10,143,670 | 10,297,110 | 6,392,370 | 10,433,750 | 8,684,240 | 9,624,070 | 9,504,057 |
| 19 |
|
5,469,236 | 5,590,815 | 6,344,079 | 7,878,413 | 10,343,182 | 7,730,188 | 8,543,731 |
| 20 |
|
7,104,650 | 6,739,470 | 6,716,180 | 7,294,570 | 6,609,520 | 6,894,470 | 6,889,005 |
| 21 |
|
5,954,520 | 6,319,630 | 4,847,940 | 7,342,990 | 6,447,770 | 6,854,760 | 6,830,309 |
| 22 |
|
5,410,760 | 6,093,462 | 6,157,844 | 5,984,756 | 6,270,059 | 6,471,502 | 6,313,720 |
| 23 |
|
4,838,074 | 5,315,270 | 5,478,709 | 5,807,800 | 5,800,000 | 5,800,000 | 5,801,560 |
| 24 |
|
8,322,510 | 6,041,170 | 8,143,510 | 8,564,630 | 6,508,800 | 4,049,230 | 5,690,181 |
| 25 |
|
5,258,430 | 5,377,710 | 5,121,480 | 5,290,140 | 4,354,710 | 5,941,990 | 5,335,436 |
| 26 |
|
4,417,840 | 4,812,160 | 4,902,410 | 4,960,930 | 5,188,690 | 5,262,360 | 5,179,973 |
| 27 |
|
2,838,900 | 3,843,850 | 4,818,750 | 4,248,850 | 4,482,760 | 4,455,390 | 4,422,293 |
| 28 |
|
7,320,620 | 4,025,303 | 2,561,898 | 7,543,848 | 2,707,652 | 4,158,471 | 4,400,301 |
| 29 |
|
3,613,300 | 4,890,000 | 5,185,000 | 4,017,657 | 3,802,895 | 4,300,000 | 4,094,400 |
| 30 |
|
2,623,930 | 4,642,090 | 4,070,410 | 4,047,090 | 4,165,400 | 3,556,260 | 3,837,168 |
| 31 |
|
2,177,885 | 4,343,473 | 6,238,392 | 4,233,714 | 2,764,692 | 4,247,726 | 3,800,013 |
| 32 |
|
2,943,445 | 3,244,062 | 2,986,689 | 3,283,614 | 3,610,847 | 3,476,027 | 3,477,990 |
| 33 |
|
2,941,601 | 2,534,643 | 2,873,503 | 3,442,308 | 3,109,827 | 3,448,700 | 3,345,760 |
| 34 |
|
1,620,300 | 3,476,800 | 3,214,300 | 3,027,800 | 3,228,700 | 2,768,200 | 2,958,270 |
| 35 |
|
3,981,219 | 3,876,876 | 3,106,754 | 2,168,386 | 3,000,000 | 2,500,000 | 2,583,677 |
| 36 |
|
1,814,765 | 2,308,660 | 2,848,391 | 2,441,000 | 2,900,000 | 2,400,000 | 2,558,200 |
| 37 |
|
1,222,988 | 3,085,097 | 2,848,472 | 1,951,806 | 1,551,605 | 3,080,351 | 2,396,018 |
| 38 |
|
1,431,600 | 2,371,000 | 2,659,600 | 2,407,700 | 2,539,400 | 2,136,800 | 2,311,760 |
| 39 |
|
1,927,930 | 1,939,130 | 2,133,330 | 2,002,240 | 2,048,150 | 2,490,600 | 2,260,193 |
| 40 |
|
1,949,001 | 2,005,665 | 2,185,289 | 2,127,276 | 2,144,568 | 2,098,462 | 2,118,057 |
| 41 |
|
1,868,000 | 1,535,000 | 2,120,000 | 2,285,000 | 2,110,000 | 2,050,000 | 2,115,000 |
| 42 |
|
1,661,860 | 1,902,380 | 1,741,480 | 1,629,180 | 1,851,870 | 1,791,170 | 1,776,982 |
| 43 |
|
1,991,683 | 2,114,139 | 1,818,665 | 1,837,188 | 1,690,832 | 1,792,419 | 1,770,897 |
| 44 |
|
1,367,060 | 1,596,880 | 1,652,740 | 1,547,600 | 1,712,530 | 1,744,820 | 1,695,689 |
| 45 |
|
1,162,778 | 1,147,482 | 569,735 | 1,565,218 | 855,007 | 1,555,024 | 1,347,058 |
| 46 |
|
1,469,003 | 1,399,919 | 1,230,988 | 1,353,608 | 1,106,926 | 1,289,774 | 1,247,686 |
| 47 |
|
1,072,940 | 979,220 | 1,095,150 | 1,159,190 | 1,203,260 | 1,309,180 | 1,247,406 |
| 48 |
|
440,000 | 727,600 | 776,300 | 936,400 | 1,283,100 | 1,343,800 | 1,244,110 |
| 49 |
|
1,086,552 | 1,654,024 | 1,480,733 | 1,300,000 | 1,250,000 | 1,100,000 | 1,185,000 |
| 50 |
|
722,400 | 1,358,000 | 1,302,870 | 927,776 | 972,872 | 1,288,310 | 1,121,572 |
| 51 |
|
1,099,373 | 1,016,811 | 1,029,000 | 1,085,368 | 1,085,834 | 1,107,195 | 1,096,421 |
| 52 |
|
961,920 | 1,130,530 | 931,830 | 947,250 | 1,162,860 | 1,096,820 | 1,086,718 |
| 53 |
|
764,900 | 1,037,000 | 949,300 | 1,097,000 | 993,500 | 1,094,000 | 1,064,450 |
| 54 |
|
753,060 | 803,270 | 867,530 | 986,930 | 971,470 | 834,230 | 905,942 |
| 55 |
|
778,986 | 836,884 | 846,000 | 852,000 | 820,000 | 861,000 | 846,900 |
| 56 |
|
586,413 | 500,175 | 554,562 | 612,582 | 800,000 | 922,774 | 823,903 |
| 57 |
|
1,075,400 | 1,455,000 | 1,042,000 | 1,193,000 | 1,135,000 | 400,000 | 779,100 |
| 58 |
|
501,600 | 914,180 | 686,620 | 687,160 | 844,240 | 749,030 | 765,219 |
| 59 |
|
450,270 | 846,580 | 840,520 | 736,270 | 854,120 | 694,120 | 750,550 |
| 60 |
|
485,480 | 595,360 | 364,920 | 628,080 | 701,240 | 483,910 | 577,943 |
| 61 |
|
615,926 | 601,216 | 629,052 | 362,711 | 592,507 | 440,415 | 470,502 |
| 62 |
|
511,446 | 497,459 | 528,720 | 459,090 | 486,667 | 447,449 | 461,543 |
| 63 |
|
436,115 | 411,415 | 406,129 | 566,273 | 401,903 | 443,416 | 455,533 |
| 64 |
|
702,000 | 726,000 | 717,578 | 602,000 | 476,000 | 378,000 | 452,200 |
| 65 |
|
371,027 | 398,092 | 453,749 | 422,831 | 402,557 | 391,615 | 401,141 |
| 66 |
|
336,600 | 366,200 | 404,700 | 349,102 | 368,696 | 309,492 | 335,175 |
| 67 |
|
301,689 | 237,127 | 311,310 | 337,099 | 310,730 | 272,806 | 297,042 |
| 68 |
|
45,000 | 94,685 | 212,530 | 337,212 | 250,000 | 300,000 | 292,442 |
| 69 |
|
295,810 | 264,769 | 321,804 | 314,382 | 281,414 | 228,012 | 261,307 |
| 70 |
|
137,700 | 450,100 | 322,500 | 264,900 | 384,000 | 172,000 | 254,180 |
| 71 |
|
114,463 | 151,850 | 191,620 | 205,882 | 234,925 | 277,492 | 250,400 |
| 72 |
|
240,294 | 233,218 | 233,430 | 225,171 | 233,145 | 233,585 | 231,770 |
| 73 |
|
241,106 | 239,916 | 246,031 | 243,676 | 224,632 | 215,165 | 223,707 |
| 74 |
|
195,246 | 188,469 | 186,835 | 203,073 | 212,512 | 193,590 | 201,163 |
| 75 |
|
187,453 | 112,621 | 131,951 | 97,160 | 138,613 | 177,860 | 149,946 |
| 76 |
|
121,900 | 139,810 | 158,180 | 154,450 | 150,750 | 145,420 | 148,825 |
| 77 |
|
107,100 | 100,600 | 102,400 | 135,900 | 156,800 | 147,000 | 147,720 |
| 78 |
|
70,500 | 84,750 | 116,691 | 150,000 | 141,600 | 136,000 | 140,480 |
| 79 |
|
200,000 | 140,000 | 130,000 | 130,000 | 130,000 | 130,000 | 130,000 |
| 80 |
|
92,210 | 100,332 | 127,171 | 138,027 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 107,605 |
| 81 |
|
130,000 | 130,000 | 140,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 |
| 82 |
|
115,996 | 110,663 | 105,457 | 99,607 | 96,723 | 80,000 | 88,938 |
| 83 |
|
79,650 | 82,260 | 72,400 | 76,140 | 85,890 | 72,360 | 77,175 |
| 84 |
|
56,651 | 63,388 | 77,276 | 70,000 | 66,000 | 86,522 | 77,061 |
| 85 |
|
50,900 | 87,500 | 89,000 | 87,068 | 70,579 | 67,367 | 72,271 |
| 86 |
|
70,110 | 77,070 | 83,500 | 69,440 | 61,920 | 34,670 | 49,799 |
| 87 |
|
88,362 | 86,900 | 55,000 | 36,944 | 34,427 | 52,757 | 44,095 |
| 88 |
|
25,788 | 15,024 | 16,985 | 26,324 | 34,562 | 51,809 | 41,538 |
| 89 |
|
29,185 | 8,226 | 37,124 | 21,000 | 33,542 | 38,500 | 33,513 |
| 90 |
|
69,080 | 34,370 | 34,370 | 25,939 | 34,497 | 35,700 | 33,387 |
| 91 |
|
15,330 | 29,470 | 34,650 | 25,930 | 31,100 | 27,850 | 28,441 |
| 92 |
|
25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| 93 |
|
23,206 | 24,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| 94 |
|
16,389 | 26,361 | 25,749 | 25,806 | 20,858 | 26,698 | 24,768 |
| 95 |
|
6,094 | 6,100 | 11,498 | 11,498 | 18,489 | 24,696 | 20,194 |
| 96 |
|
17,000 | 18,000 | 15,000 | 15,000 | 16,000 | 16,000 | 15,800 |
| 97 |
|
13,475 | 15,686 | 12,811 | 13,684 | 13,877 | 16,656 | 15,228 |
| 98 |
|
4,431 | 5,544 | 4,375 | 9,368 | 8,097 | 20,921 | 14,763 |
| 99 |
|
6,399 | 5,684 | 6,295 | 6,965 | 12,930 | 9,354 | 9,949 |
| 100 |
|
11,500 | 10,042 | 9,000 | 9,000 | 9,000 | 9,000 | 9,000 |
| 101 |
|
22,751 | 4,894 | 4,078 | 9,295 | 8,142 | 7,960 | 8,282 |
| 102 |
|
5,398 | 5,073 | 14,647 | 10,898 | 7,431 | 3,976 | 6,397 |
| 103 |
|
3,579 | 3,615 | 2,865 | 3,542 | 3,547 | 7,892 | 5,718 |
| 104 |
|
4,807 | 4,920 | 5,520 | 5,471 | 5,488 | 5,495 | 5,488 |
| 105 |
|
6,096 | 4,831 | 6,000 | 3,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 5,400 |
| 106 |
|
6,975 | 1432 | 2004 | 2,395 | 5,704 | 6,366 | 5,373 |
| 107 |
|
7,457 | 7,379 | 7,384 | 7,000 | 2000 | 2000 | 3,000 |
| 108 |
|
5,000 | 5,000 | 1000 | 1000 | 2000 | 2,846 | 2,223 |
| 109 |
|
2,467 | 2,147 | 2,239 | 2055 | 2048 | 2,222 | 2,136 |
| 110 |
|
1212 | 377 | 1028 | 1280 | 2,860 | 810 | 1519 |
| 111 |
|
1798 | 1613 | 1815 | 1540 | 1205 | 1399 | 1369 |
| 112 |
|
1307 | 1320 | 1326 | 1318 | 1321 | 1321 | 1321 |
| 113 |
|
1244 | 1256 | 1278 | 1286 | 1274 | 1279 | 1279 |
| 114 |
|
1050 | 1053 | 1056 | 1052 | 1056 | 1060 | 1057 |
| 115 |
|
729 | 566 | 697 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| 116 |
|
1445 | 1319 | 1623 | 1169 | 770 | 837 | 883 |
| 117 |
|
702 | 715 | 702 | 706 | 708 | 705 | 706 |
| 118 |
|
700 | 500 | 471 | 630 | 607 | 600 | 608 |
| 119 |
|
1151 | 831 | 663 | 543 | 570 | 579 | 569 |
| 120 |
|
15 | 1 | 2 | 252 | 0.9 | 2 | 52 |
| 121 |
|
9 | 57 | 70 | 40 | 28 | 25 | 29 |
| 122 |
|
4 | 109 | 54 | 84 | 5 | 12 | 25 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Which country produces the most wheat in the world?
China is the world's largest wheat producer with 136,590,100 tonnes in 2023, accounting for 17% of global production. Production concentrates in North China Plain (Henan, Shandong, Hebei provinces) and Yangtze River valley, with winter wheat accounting for 95% of output. China prioritizes wheat self-sufficiency for food security, maintaining 95% self-sufficiency despite being world's largest consumer at 140 million tonnes annually. However, quality concerns necessitate imports of high-protein wheat from Australia, Canada, and USA for blending into premium bread-making flour.
Why is wheat the most traded agricultural commodity?
Wheat ranks as the most traded agricultural commodity with 200+ million tonnes (25% of production) crossing borders annually, far exceeding rice's 10% trade ratio. This reflects wheat's global distribution—unlike rice's Asian concentration—with major surplus producers (Russia, USA, Canada, France, Australia) geographically separated from deficit consumers (Middle East, North Africa, Asia). Wheat's storability, standardized grading, and established futures markets facilitate trade. Many importing nations depend on wheat for 50-90% of consumption, making trade essential for food security, though price volatility can trigger political instability as seen in 2008 and 2011 food riots.
Data Disclaimer: Projected data (future years) are estimates based on mathematical models. Actual values may differ. Learn about our methodology →
Sources
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Updated: 13.11.2025https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
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