Barley Production by Country 2025

📊 Essential Cereal Grain Production

Barley ranks as the fourth most important cereal crop globally, with Russia dominating production at 19.5 million tonnes projected for 2025. France and Germany follow as major European producers, each exceeding 11 million tonnes annually. Barley serves multiple purposes including animal feed, malt production for brewing, and human consumption, making it crucial for agriculture and food industries worldwide.

🌾 Global Barley Production: 2018-2025 Forecast

Barley Production by Country 2025

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#	Country	2025 (est.) (Tonne)
1	Russia RU	19,464,503
2	Australia AU	13,153,078
3	France FR	12,150,410
4	Germany DE	11,069,000
5	Türkiye TR	9,233,000
6	Canada CA	8,577,055
7	United Kingdom GB	6,837,000
8	Ukraine UA	5,217,460
9	Argentina AR	4,657,179
10	United States US	4,028,680
11	Spain ES	3,371,090
12	Iran IR	3,000,000
13	Poland PL	2,831,280
14	Denmark DK	2,688,200
15	Kazakhstan KZ	2,622,309
16	Ethiopia ET	2,562,000
17	Hungary HU	2,507,090
18	China CN	1,983,000
19	India IN	1,912,919
20	Romania RO	1,901,732
21	Czech Republic CZ	1,740,590
22	Morocco MA	1,274,833
23	Ireland IE	1,256,997
24	Syria SY	1,215,314
25	Italy IT	1,214,370
26	Belarus BY	1,142,000
27	Finland FI	1,050,500
28	Azerbaijan AZ	1,041,494
29	Sweden SE	958,000
30	Uruguay UY	902,100
31	Mexico MX	879,335
32	Bulgaria BG	872,030
33	Algeria DZ	851,788
34	Austria AT	760,590
35	Lithuania LT	596,430
36	Slovakia SK	579,840
37	Serbia RS	531,380
38	Norway NO	462,600
39	Belgium BE	388,780
40	Greece GR	372,140
41	Tunisia TN	346,700
42	New Zealand NZ	344,889
43	Estonia EE	339,460
44	South Africa ZA	339,000
45	Kyrgyzstan KG	333,896
46	Brazil BR	316,414
47	Turkmenistan TM	291,485
48	Croatia HR	275,040
49	Moldova MD	242,927
50	Latvia LV	238,400
51	Japan JP	232,300
52	Netherlands NL	230,510
53	Peru PE	211,200
54	Thailand TH	179,361
55	Switzerland CH	173,449
56	Tajikistan TJ	165,800
57	Uzbekistan UZ	163,690
58	North Macedonia MK	141,382
59	Chile CL	139,496
60	Afghanistan AF	104,562
61	Slovenia SI	104,520
62	Egypt EG	89,939
63	Iraq IQ	85,299
64	Armenia AM	81,575
65	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	70,450
66	Libya LY	68,000
67	South Korea KR	66,094
68	Eritrea ER	65,000
69	Zimbabwe ZW	58,262
70	Georgia GE	53,600
71	Bolivia BO	47,314
72	Pakistan PK	43,485
73	North Korea KP	42,054
74	Jordan JO	39,258
75	Lebanon LB	30,000
76	Yemen YE	30,000
77	Luxembourg LU	29,513
78	Kenya KE	28,357
79	Portugal PT	27,055
80	Nepal NP	26,160
81	Albania AL	22,443
82	Cyprus CY	22,347
83	Palestine PS	14,436
84	Israel IL	10,800
85	Colombia CO	10,464
86	Iceland IS	7,356
87	Mongolia MN	7,110
88	Ecuador EC	6,731
89	Tanzania TZ	6,349
90	Kuwait KW	4,927
91	Zambia ZM	3,519
92	Saudi Arabia SA	2,100
93	Mauritania MR	1,467
94	Oman OM	1,279
95	DR Congo CD	992
96	Montenegro ME	915
97	Bhutan BT	450
98	Lesotho LS	298
99	Qatar QA	193
100	Bangladesh BD	168
101	Guatemala GT	18

🏆 Russian Dominance

Russia leads global barley production with 19.5 million tonnes projected for 2025, maintaining its position despite year-to-year volatility. Production peaked at 23.4 million tonnes in 2022, reflecting favorable weather conditions and expanded cultivation. Russia's vast agricultural lands and climate suitability make it the world's largest barley producer and a major exporter to Middle Eastern and Asian markets.

🇪🇺 European Production Powerhouses

France emerges as Europe's largest producer with 12.2 million tonnes projected for 2025, up from 11.0 million in 2018. Germany maintains strong production at 11.1 million tonnes, serving both domestic brewing industry and export markets. Spain shows volatility, dropping to 3.4 million tonnes from 9.6 million in 2018. Ukraine produces 5.2 million tonnes despite recent challenges, while Poland reaches 2.8 million tonnes.

🌍 Global Production Distribution

Australia demonstrates impressive growth reaching 13.2 million tonnes, more than doubling from 9.3 million in 2018, driven by favorable conditions and expanded acreage. Canada produces 8.6 million tonnes, serving North American markets. Turkey shows remarkable expansion to 9.2 million tonnes from 7.0 million. Argentina maintains 4.7 million tonnes, primarily for export to brewing industries.

📈 Emerging Markets

Ethiopia shows strong growth reaching 2.6 million tonnes, reflecting expanding cultivation in highland regions. Hungary demonstrates impressive expansion to 2.5 million tonnes from 1.1 million in 2018. Turkmenistan surges dramatically from 10,573 to 291,485 tonnes, representing massive agricultural development. India maintains 1.9 million tonnes, primarily for food and feed purposes.

Barley Production by Country 2025

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#	Country	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2025 (est.)
1	Russia	16,991,907	20,489,088	20,938,993	17,996,405	23,393,510	20,500,000	19,464,503
2	Australia	9,253,852	8,818,946	10,127,175	14,648,581	14,377,284	13,491,375	13,153,078
3	France	11,042,820	13,565,420	10,277,230	11,321,320	11,285,440	12,143,490	12,150,410
4	Germany	9,583,600	11,591,500	10,769,200	10,411,100	11,207,100	10,999,900	11,069,000
5	Türkiye	7,000,000	7,600,000	8,300,000	5,750,000	8,500,000	9,200,000	9,233,000
6	Canada	8,379,700	10,382,600	10,740,600	6,848,137	9,986,681	8,896,244	8,577,055
7	United Kingdom	6,510,000	8,048,000	8,117,000	6,961,000	7,385,000	6,963,000	6,837,000
8	Ukraine	7,349,140	8,916,780	7,636,340	9,437,020	5,608,170	5,507,190	5,217,460
9	Argentina	5,061,069	3,784,823	3,612,804	4,036,130	5,279,608	4,695,914	4,657,179
10	United States	3,342,660	3,755,720	3,719,010	2,625,600	3,786,660	4,028,680	4,028,680
11	Spain	9,554,160	7,744,150	11,465,350	9,275,920	7,029,720	3,757,570	3,371,090
12	Iran	3,101,800	3,514,300	3,874,700	2,814,264	3,000,000	3,000,000	3,000,000
13	Poland	2,991,560	3,311,570	2,948,350	2,961,650	2,782,010	2,850,870	2,831,280
14	Denmark	3,445,170	3,624,560	4,156,500	3,462,170	4,122,600	2,541,600	2,688,200
15	Kazakhstan	3,971,266	3,830,069	3,659,260	2,366,805	3,287,241	2,613,882	2,622,309
16	Ethiopia	1,748,920	2,378,010	2,261,265	2,071,800	2,184,000	2,450,000	2,562,000
17	Hungary	1,145,540	1,383,260	1,483,950	1,711,630	1,590,740	2,219,720	2,507,090
18	China	2,021,000	2,011,000	2,036,000	2,134,000	1,960,000	1,990,000	1,983,000
19	India	1,780,810	1,633,070	1,721,830	1,656,340	1,371,360	1,912,919	1,912,919
20	Romania	1,870,710	1,879,950	1,141,010	1,981,030	1,706,650	1,997,620	1,901,732
21	Czech Republic	1,606,030	1,718,060	1,816,180	1,749,130	1,877,360	1,764,210	1,740,590
22	Morocco	2,851,022	1,161,183	645,032	2,780,345	696,380	1,348,115	1,274,833
23	Ireland	1,181,560	1,479,600	1,347,460	1,506,410	1,549,860	1,214,720	1,256,997
24	Syria	408,110	3,053,124	2,245,791	252,326	178,542	1,226,399	1,215,314
25	Italy	1,040,990	1,104,990	1,123,730	1,091,970	1,158,410	1,193,930	1,214,370
26	Belarus	944,341	1,098,189	1,375,015	1,077,000	1,500,000	1,150,000	1,142,000
27	Finland	1,353,190	1,701,960	1,397,970	1,045,500	1,426,300	1,078,700	1,050,500
28	Azerbaijan	916,036	988,184	992,439	1,116,729	1,069,446	1,039,019	1,041,494
29	Sweden	1,094,400	1,546,500	1,513,500	1,060,400	1,509,500	855,500	958,000
30	Uruguay	385,000	637,800	606,700	888,800	920,100	897,200	902,100
31	Mexico	1,008,642	964,083	864,293	1,032,812	1,023,969	832,037	879,335
32	Bulgaria	448,700	563,150	566,320	704,070	624,600	797,220	872,030
33	Algeria	1,957,327	1,647,746	1,213,137	555,364	1,000,000	1,000,000	851,788
34	Austria	691,030	828,130	864,860	742,530	767,120	772,120	760,590
35	Lithuania	619,540	588,450	705,910	500,410	522,000	566,880	596,430
36	Slovakia	486,900	599,560	679,400	592,740	556,480	603,020	579,840
37	Serbia	410,138	373,340	490,115	553,924	452,001	538,215	531,380
38	Norway	440,900	565,500	638,500	611,800	591,000	405,000	462,600
39	Belgium	324,120	401,060	329,470	300,070	373,000	393,780	388,780
40	Greece	344,610	366,580	398,680	330,220	323,380	362,520	372,140
41	Tunisia	316,000	912,000	466,000	430,100	521,000	89,000	346,700
42	New Zealand	379,704	383,651	337,666	325,057	329,728	357,882	344,889
43	Estonia	347,500	523,140	561,120	396,370	488,820	331,690	339,460
44	South Africa	421,500	345,000	588,000	334,000	302,000	377,000	339,000
45	Kyrgyzstan	429,306	465,864	510,208	274,082	539,602	382,085	333,896
46	Brazil	330,374	405,615	387,146	452,827	521,996	375,423	316,414
47	Turkmenistan	10,573	15,457	18,201	189,330	208,166	277,645	291,485
48	Croatia	230,170	278,600	325,520	309,770	321,900	293,410	275,040
49	Moldova	175,296	168,060	106,763	253,391	132,707	242,927	242,927
50	Latvia	306,300	305,400	308,800	215,800	281,600	232,900	238,400
51	Japan	174,700	222,700	221,700	234,800	233,300	232,300	232,300
52	Netherlands	247,500	242,370	246,190	196,590	283,230	230,510	230,510
53	Peru	208,972	210,298	203,422	220,396	221,815	211,200	211,200
54	Thailand	130,000	145,000	162,000	169,993	174,850	182,266	179,361
55	Switzerland	180,948	190,167	193,489	171,138	184,553	164,594	173,449
56	Tajikistan	108,817	156,240	150,000	129,600	157,000	169,900	165,800
57	Uzbekistan	111,760	133,496	161,539	95,828	123,447	163,690	163,690
58	North Macedonia	130,028	138,453	147,711	151,435	137,691	145,019	141,382
59	Chile	170,652	210,890	193,166	157,531	109,018	151,456	139,496
60	Afghanistan	56,781	123,576	127,757	65,102	94,687	110,000	104,562
61	Slovenia	88,060	102,480	122,180	119,130	112,460	101,050	104,520
62	Egypt	82,406	106,981	109,041	87,644	91,877	90,000	89,939
63	Iraq	190,647	1,518,471	1,756,200	266,581	144,493	105,903	85,299
64	Armenia	124,167	68,333	89,986	37,511	75,429	83,649	81,575
65	Bosnia and Herzegovina	79,060	74,462	88,742	86,279	89,610	75,561	70,450
66	Libya	70,000	70,000	70,000	70,000	70,000	68,000	68,000
67	South Korea	102,702	136,915	98,396	88,523	67,983	66,094	66,094
68	Eritrea	65,000	65,000	65,000	65,000	65,000	65,000	65,000
69	Zimbabwe	56,713	57,713	56,772	56,969	57,637	58,262	58,262
70	Georgia	57,700	53,500	45,400	58,100	58,800	52,900	53,600
71	Bolivia	46,620	47,951	47,567	48,180	47,159	47,485	47,314
72	Pakistan	55,131	54,685	47,199	41,856	38,037	43,485	43,485
73	North Korea	32,500	55,900	57,000	50,572	38,149	41,552	42,054
74	Jordan	47,245	66,618	86,615	76,291	28,779	44,497	39,258
75	Lebanon	30,000	32,000	31,000	30,000	30,000	30,000	30,000
76	Yemen	16,888	26,933	36,735	41,635	30,000	30,000	30,000
77	Luxembourg	35,390	36,050	33,020	29,040	37,520	30,980	29,513
78	Kenya	78,267	59,537	34,953	33,117	20,079	32,876	28,357
79	Portugal	62,340	71,650	61,950	49,720	27,780	26,330	27,055
80	Nepal	30,510	30,550	31,147	29,433	32,156	25,912	26,160
81	Albania	9,655	7,942	12,645	15,310	19,014	21,179	22,443
82	Cyprus	7,920	30,400	26,710	26,100	24,450	21,490	22,347
83	Palestine	18,230	15,330	15,260	9,750	12,888	14,436	14,436
84	Israel	5,000	10,800	15,480	9,800	9,800	11,200	10,800
85	Colombia	10,004	8,527	6,151	6,290	6,955	10,218	10,464
86	Iceland	3,900	7,900	7,287	7,490	8,900	7,679	7,356
87	Mongolia	2,355	2,512	3,235	11,687	4,126	6,518	7,110
88	Ecuador	13,674	13,450	14,108	14,681	11,155	8,519	6,731
89	Tanzania	19,501	20,019	17,501	14,540	11,975	3,787	6,349
90	Kuwait	2,339	5,533	5,533	4,620	4,451	4,709	4,927
91	Zambia	5,102	8,417	10,784	8,556	14,201	3,519	3,519
92	Saudi Arabia	624,702	616,074	438,084	4,000	4,300	2,000	2,100
93	Mauritania	1,465	1,474	1,465	1,468	1,469	1,467	1,467
94	Oman	1,661	1,901	3,944	2,188	3,155	693	1,279
95	DR Congo	1,012	985	993	997	992	994	992
96	Montenegro	1,082	983	934	872	814	940	915
97	Bhutan	929	1,026	1,123	857	615	518	450
98	Lesotho	305	292	301	299	297	299	298
99	Qatar	237	229	266	115	41	193	193
100	Bangladesh	244	157	124	174	172	159	168
101	Guatemala	18	18	18	18	18	18	18

📉 Production Volatility

Morocco experiences extreme volatility, dropping from 2.9 million tonnes in 2018 to 1.3 million projected for 2025, reflecting rainfall variability. Syria shows dramatic fluctuations from 408,110 to 1.2 million tonnes, impacted by conflict and recovery. Saudi Arabia production collapses from 624,702 to just 2,100 tonnes as water conservation policies take effect. Iraq faces similar challenges with production declining to 85,299 tonnes.

🍺 Malting and Brewing Industry

Barley's primary commercial use remains malt production for brewing and distilling industries. Major producers like Germany, France, and Canada focus on high-quality malting barley varieties. The craft beer revolution drives demand for specialty malting barley. Climate change impacts quality parameters crucial for malting, affecting premium barley production.

🔮 Market Outlook

Global barley production faces challenges from climate variability, water scarcity, and shifting agricultural priorities. Russia and Australia will likely maintain dominance while European production stabilizes. Investment in drought-resistant varieties and sustainable farming practices will be crucial. The brewing industry's evolution and animal feed demand will continue driving production patterns through 2025 and beyond.