Coal Production by Country

Coal production by country measures how much coal each country produces, expressed in tonnes. The figures refer to mine production, in line with the underlying sources. The statistics are based on Our World in Data, which compiles them from the BGS World Mineral Statistics. The table below lists 67 countries that recorded coal production during the period. The main comparison uses 2023 data, the latest year available, which 66 of the countries report; Spain's latest output dates from 2018.

Countries With the Largest Coal Production in 2023

China produced the most coal in 2023 with 4,710,000,000 tonnes, by far the largest producer. India ranked second with 1,010,691,000, followed by Indonesia (775,181,855), the United States (524,641,049), and Australia (466,923,000). Russia (430,000,000), South Africa (231,685,072), Kazakhstan (112,740,600), Germany (102,245,000), and Poland (94,531,000) complete the top ten.

Coal Production by Country

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#	Country	Latest Data (tonnes)	Year
1	China CN	4,710,000,000	2023
2	India IN	1,010,691,000	2023
3	Indonesia ID	775,181,855	2023
4	United States US	524,641,049	2023
5	Australia AU	466,923,000	2023
6	Russia RU	430,000,000	2023
7	South Africa ZA	231,685,072	2023
8	Kazakhstan KZ	112,740,600	2023
9	Germany DE	102,245,000	2023
10	Poland PL	94,531,000	2023
11	Mongolia MN	85,262,300	2023
12	Türkiye TR	81,902,722	2023
13	Colombia CO	57,620,000	2023
14	Canada CA	48,067,394	2023
15	Vietnam VN	47,258,700	2023
16	Serbia RS	31,934,000	2023
17	Czech Republic CZ	29,660,000	2023
18	Ukraine UA	23,300,000	2023
19	Bulgaria BG	21,811,000	2023
20	Laos LA	18,899,177	2023
21	North Korea KP	17,100,000	2023
22	Romania RO	15,302,805	2023
23	Pakistan PK	15,069,760	2023
24	Mozambique MZ	15,000,000	2023
25	Philippines PH	14,400,000	2023
26	Greece GR	14,000,000	2023
27	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	12,791,560	2023
28	Thailand TH	12,713,628	2023
29	Brazil BR	10,279,780	2023
30	Kosovo XK	7,071,048	2023
31	Mexico MX	7,000,000	2023
32	Uzbekistan UZ	6,519,600	2023
33	Zimbabwe ZW	4,898,735	2023
34	Kyrgyzstan KG	4,177,400	2023
35	North Macedonia MK	4,091,133	2023
36	Hungary HU	4,075,723	2023
37	Malaysia MY	4,068,049	2023
38	Tanzania TZ	3,256,481	2023
39	Slovenia SI	3,030,494	2023
40	New Zealand NZ	2,600,084	2023
41	Tajikistan TJ	2,084,200	2023
42	Botswana BW	2,064,373	2023
43	Montenegro ME	1,862,200	2023
44	Myanmar MM	1,730,000	2023
45	Iran IR	1,542,015	2023
46	Nigeria NG	1,322,050	2023
47	Bangladesh BD	820,000	2023
48	South Korea KR	800,000	2023
49	Slovakia SK	756,000	2023
50	Zambia ZM	706,115	2023
51	United Kingdom GB	506,000	2023
52	Afghanistan AF	425,000	2023
53	Eswatini SZ	393,328	2023
54	Peru PE	233,364	2023
55	Albania AL	191,406	2023
56	Bhutan BT	159,000	2023
57	Venezuela VE	149,000	2023
58	Georgia GE	147,900	2023
59	Chile CL	121,570	2023
60	Niger NE	100,000	2023
61	Norway NO	82,902	2023
62	Malawi MW	65,274	2023
63	Argentina AR	13,000	2023
64	Congo CG	8,000	2023
65	Nepal NP	7,000	2023
66	Ethiopia ET	2,700	2023
67	Spain ES	0	2022

China alone accounted for about 52 percent of the world's coal production in 2023, and India for about 11 percent; the top three producers together accounted for about 71 percent. Only China produced more than 2 billion tonnes in 2023, while India, Indonesia, and the United States were the only countries above 500 million tonnes.

Coal Production Around the World

In Asia, China (4,710,000,000) leads by a wide margin, ahead of India (1,010,691,000) and Indonesia (775,181,855). Kazakhstan (112,740,600), Mongolia (85,262,300), Vietnam (47,258,700), and Pakistan (15,069,760) follow, while Uzbekistan (6,519,600) and Bangladesh (820,000) are smaller.

In Europe, Russia (430,000,000) is the largest producer, ahead of Germany (102,245,000), Poland (94,531,000), and Turkey (81,902,722). Serbia (31,934,000), Czechia (29,660,000), Ukraine (23,300,000), and Bulgaria (21,811,000) follow.

In the Americas, the United States (524,641,049) leads, ahead of Colombia (57,620,000), Canada (48,067,394), and Brazil (10,279,780). Mexico (7,000,000), Venezuela (149,000), and Chile (121,570) follow.

In Africa, South Africa (231,685,072) leads by a wide margin, ahead of Mozambique (15,000,000), Zimbabwe (4,898,735), and Tanzania (3,256,481). Botswana (2,064,373), Nigeria (1,322,050), and Zambia (706,115) follow. In Oceania, Australia (466,923,000) is the largest producer, ahead of New Zealand (2,600,084).

Largest Changes in Coal Production, 2018–2023

China recorded the largest increase between 2018 and 2023, rising from 3,698,000,000 to 4,710,000,000 tonnes (up 1,012,000,000). India added 237,691,000, from 773,000,000 to 1,010,691,000, and Indonesia 217,408,915, from 557,772,940 to 775,181,855. Mongolia added 33,861,000, from 51,401,300 to 85,262,300.

The United States recorded the largest decline between 2018 and 2023, falling from 685,843,555 to 524,641,049 tonnes (down 161,202,506). Germany declined by 66,775,371, from 169,020,371 to 102,245,000, Australia by 35,680,000, and Poland by 30,427,000. Colombia fell by 28,635,214, while Greece declined by 22,574,360.

Coal Production by Country

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#	Country	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
1	China	3,698,000,000	3,846,000,000	3,902,000,000	4,126,000,000	4,559,000,000	4,710,000,000
2	India	773,000,000	771,208,000	752,699,000	825,680,000	910,836,000	1,010,691,000
3	United States	685,843,555	640,622,502	485,638,959	523,836,590	539,009,256	524,641,049
4	Indonesia	557,772,940	616,159,594	563,728,255	613,990,256	687,432,384	775,181,855
5	Australia	502,603,000	523,983,000	486,875,000	480,129,000	457,962,000	466,923,000
6	Russia	-	-	-	-	-	430,000,000
7	South Africa	253,256,431	254,410,713	248,081,745	228,644,557	229,594,209	231,685,072
8	Germany	169,020,371	131,314,116	107,377,260	126,181,851	130,801,111	102,245,000
9	Poland	124,958,000	114,957,000	102,041,000	110,211,000	110,824,210	94,531,000
10	Kazakhstan	114,137,400	110,738,000	109,506,200	112,075,000	117,791,200	112,740,600
11	Türkiye	98,638,377	94,798,579	86,425,146	92,506,145	103,892,169	81,902,722
12	Colombia	86,255,214	84,342,786	49,450,500	56,642,510	57,620,000	57,620,000
13	Canada	54,600,000	51,801,000	40,791,647	41,809,481	46,217,458	48,067,394
14	Mongolia	51,401,300	55,799,400	43,844,800	33,691,800	37,294,700	85,262,300
15	Czech Republic	43,297,000	40,615,000	31,366,000	31,513,000	34,679,000	29,660,000
16	Vietnam	42,384,000	47,157,700	44,598,400	48,315,600	49,854,700	47,258,700
17	Serbia	37,631,000	38,878,000	39,666,000	36,415,000	35,127,000	31,934,000
18	Greece	36,574,360	26,000,000	14,000,000	12,081,578	14,289,000	14,000,000
19	Bulgaria	30,500,000	30,491,000	22,000,000	28,000,000	36,233,000	21,811,000
20	Ukraine	26,254,000	25,530,400	24,168,300	23,761,900	20,309,600	23,300,000
21	Romania	23,857,931	22,063,765	15,589,788	18,392,015	18,902,610	15,302,805
22	North Korea	18,080,000	20,210,000	19,000,000	15,600,000	16,300,000	17,100,000
23	Laos	16,046,271	15,425,056	14,686,859	14,316,593	16,629,134	18,899,177
24	Thailand	14,851,950	14,071,710	13,250,574	14,221,573	13,641,283	12,713,628
25	Bosnia and Herzegovina	14,378,767	13,376,548	13,365,730	12,802,517	13,736,665	12,791,560
26	Mozambique	12,926,416	10,339,536	8,041,211	11,079,683	14,806,233	15,000,000
27	Mexico	12,000,000	-	7,000,000	7,000,000	7,000,000	7,000,000
28	Philippines	11,755,360	13,751,291	12,951,291	14,047,681	14,457,257	14,400,000
29	Brazil	10,483,793	9,433,816	9,158,388	12,070,822	11,528,892	10,279,780
30	Hungary	7,898,689	6,846,837	6,122,104	4,987,207	4,929,262	4,075,723
31	Kosovo	7,169,767	8,063,051	8,537,948	8,535,435	8,344,548	7,071,048
32	North Macedonia	4,946,486	5,066,083	4,532,745	4,758,504	5,520,778	4,091,133
33	Pakistan	4,470,000	5,406,878	8,599,166	9,229,377	7,956,437	15,069,760
34	Uzbekistan	4,174,400	4,055,100	4,131,800	5,056,300	5,356,200	6,519,600
35	Zimbabwe	3,347,500	2,729,922	2,750,883	3,246,000	4,185,417	4,898,735
36	New Zealand	3,230,798	3,033,983	2,818,682	2,867,611	2,637,476	2,600,084
37	Slovenia	3,216,735	3,218,696	3,259,309	2,807,476	2,745,022	3,030,494
38	United Kingdom	2,782,000	2,592,000	1,673,000	1,054,000	651,000	506,000
39	Nigeria	2,691,673	2,722,620	2,351,350	2,506,050	3,043,000	1,322,050
40	Malaysia	2,652,813	3,459,122	2,978,248	3,110,605	3,405,847	4,068,049
41	Botswana	2,482,313	2,110,891	1,923,992	2,460,868	2,460,868	2,064,373
42	Afghanistan	2,444,600	2,139,200	56,620	108,200	537,127	425,000
43	Spain	2,406,145	0	0	0	0	-
44	Kyrgyzstan	2,395,200	2,606,000	2,677,700	3,062,500	3,775,400	4,177,400
45	Chile	2,294,677	1,606,554	191,562	18,541	26,962	121,570
46	Tajikistan	1,903,015	2,027,790	2,029,139	2,088,700	2,393,600	2,084,200
47	Iran	1,749,540	1,585,531	1,669,515	1,298,163	2,273,241	1,542,015
48	Montenegro	1,595,876	1,605,189	1,665,400	1,548,600	1,722,500	1,862,200
49	Slovakia	1,426,000	1,427,000	956,600	1,063,400	842,000	756,000
50	South Korea	1,201,920	1,084,000	1,019,298	897,900	820,181	800,000
51	Myanmar	1,200,619	1,941,557	1,879,810	1,453,194	1,727,495	1,730,000
52	Bangladesh	923,276	805,696	811,138	753,973	750,000	820,000
53	Venezuela	763,000	394,000	285,000	158,000	197,000	149,000
54	Tanzania	627,652	712,136	689,989	976,319	2,511,419	3,256,481
55	Zambia	361,871	335,042	446,153	663,345	691,288	706,115
56	Niger	221,580	225,920	246,880	105,760	235,328	100,000
57	Peru	216,581	181,010	131,516	144,579	192,094	233,364
58	Bhutan	186,824	184,785	72,838	111,545	158,603	159,000
59	Eswatini	144,375	109,926	161,768	162,681	215,581	393,328
60	Norway	142,500	107,900	74,503	113,292	110,445	82,902
61	Georgia	137,912	15,900	99,300	147,878	146,300	147,900
62	Albania	98,000	31,000	42,000	24,482	149,312	191,406
63	Malawi	49,753	54,728	54,876	30,251	62,166	65,274
64	Argentina	39,340	68,830	12,875	13,113	13,110	13,000
65	Nepal	15,463	7,184	7,250	11,304	6,927	7,000
66	Congo	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
67	Ethiopia	2,767	2,700	2,700	2,700	2,700	2,700

Methodology

The statistics are based on Our World in Data, which compiles national coal production figures from the BGS World Mineral Statistics, with major processing by Our World in Data. Values refer to mine production of coal, in tonnes, based on mined rather than refined production. The main comparison uses 2023 data, the latest year available. Country-level figures are available in the source from 2002 onwards; the table covers the latest six years, 2018–2023. In the table, a zero reflects no production, while an empty cell means that no value was reported.