Spices Consumption by Country

India held 6,396 thousand tonnes of listed spices food supply in 2023, 42.3 percent of a 15,122-thousand-tonne total, and its single-year gain of 948 thousand tonnes accounts for 99.4 percent of the net annual increase. Bangladesh more than doubled over five years while Türkiye added 145.3 percent, and Guyana leads per person at 21.51 kilograms per person per year, almost three times the second-ranked reporter.

India leads at 6,396 thousand tonnes, 5.63 times Bangladesh at 1,137, with Nigeria third at 728 and China fourth at 557. Per capita the order is headed by Guyana at 21.51 kilograms from 18 thousand tonnes, then Bosnia and Herzegovina at 7.72 and Nepal at 7.67 kilograms. India, first by total, records 4.45 kilograms per person.

Spices Food Supply at a Glance

• India had the largest listed spices food supply in 2023 at 6,396 thousand tonnes.
• Bangladesh ranked second at 1,137 thousand tonnes, followed by Nigeria at 728 thousand tonnes.
• Guyana had the highest per-capita food supply at 21.51 kilograms per person per year.
• The listed total was 15,122 thousand tonnes across 176 reporters with reported values.
• Among 176 reporters with data in both 2019 and 2023, listed spices food supply increased by 3,165 thousand tonnes, or 26.5 percent.
• The FAO Food element measures food available for human consumption and is not a direct measure of the amount actually eaten.

Key Takeaways

The spices aggregate covers the spice items in the FAO Food Balances classification, including pepper, pimento, cloves and other spices. It is a small aggregate dominated by a single reporter, with the leader holding more than five times the second-ranked supply.

India was the largest contributor in both comparison periods, contributing 46.9 percent of the five-year net gain and nearly all of the single-year one. Behind it, Bangladesh, Türkiye, Vietnam and Ivory Coast each at least doubled over five years from smaller bases, while Guyana's per-capita figure is well above that of the other reporters.

Spices Consumption

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#	Country	2023 (thousand tonnes)2023	2023 (kg per person per year)2023
1	India IN	6.4K	4.45
2	Bangladesh BD	1.14K	6.63
3	Nigeria NG	728	3.2
4	China CN	557	0.39
5	Türkiye TR	547	6.26
6	Ethiopia ET	518	4.02
7	Thailand TH	491	6.84
8	Indonesia ID	451	1.6
9	United States US	418	1.22
10	Pakistan PK	310	1.25
11	Yemen YE	247	6.26
12	Nepal NP	228	7.67
13	Vietnam VN	204	2.03
14	Mexico MX	202	1.56
15	Malaysia MY	193	5.5
16	Sri Lanka LK	151	6.57
17	Myanmar MM	138	2.55
18	Ivory Coast CI	127	4.06
19	Saudi Arabia SA	110	3.31
20	Ghana GH	107	3.16
21	Morocco MA	88	2.33
22	Egypt EG	84	0.74
23	Burkina Faso BF	79	3.42
24	United Kingdom GB	75	1.1
25	Iran IR	73	0.8
26	Germany DE	71	0.84
27	Iraq IQ	57	1.48
28	Cameroon CM	55	1.93
29	South Korea KR	55	1.06
30	Canada CA	51	1.29
31	Syria SY	43	1.82
32	Niger NE	41	1.55
33	Brazil BR	39	0.19
34	DR Congo CD	39	0.37
35	Philippines PH	39	0.34
36	South Africa ZA	38	0.59
37	Algeria DZ	35	0.77
38	Netherlands NL	35	1.95
39	France FR	34	0.52
40	Taiwan TW	34	1.44
41	Russia RU	33	0.22
42	Tunisia TN	32	2.61
43	Kenya KE	28	0.5
44	Kazakhstan KZ	27	1.32
45	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	25	7.72
46	United Arab Emirates AE	25	2.35
47	Australia AU	24	0.89
48	Poland PL	23	0.61
49	Tajikistan TJ	23	2.2
50	Laos LA	22	2.91
51	Colombia CO	21	0.39
52	Jamaica JM	21	7.35
53	Zimbabwe ZW	21	1.28
54	Guyana GY	18	21.51
55	Oman OM	18	3.58
56	Qatar QA	17	5.73
57	Belgium BE	16	1.37
58	Kuwait KW	16	3.39
59	Italy IT	14	0.24
60	Jordan JO	14	1.25
61	Senegal SN	14	0.79
62	Argentina AR	13	0.29
63	Cambodia KH	13	0.75
64	Libya LY	13	1.84
65	Austria AT	11	1.19
66	Sweden SE	11	1.05
67	Tanzania TZ	11	0.17
68	Afghanistan AF	10	0.25
69	Denmark DK	8	1.36
70	Israel IL	8	0.84
71	Spain ES	8	0.17
72	Switzerland CH	8	0.86
73	Bahrain BH	7	4.44
74	Peru PE	7	0.21
75	Portugal PT	7	0.66
76	Ukraine UA	7	0.2
77	Uzbekistan UZ	7	0.21
78	Bhutan BT	6	7.56
79	Czech Republic CZ	6	0.53
80	Hong Kong HK	6	0.8
81	Sierra Leone SL	6	0.67
82	Botswana BW	5	2.2
83	Chile CL	5	0.26
84	Dominican Republic DO	5	0.41
85	Ecuador EC	5	0.29
86	Ireland IE	5	0.93
87	Namibia NA	5	1.7
88	New Zealand NZ	5	1.04
89	North Macedonia MK	5	2.88
90	Romania RO	5	0.28
91	Serbia RS	5	0.73
92	Uganda UG	5	0.1
93	Bolivia BO	4	0.33
94	Costa Rica CR	4	0.75
95	Greece GR	4	0.44
96	Guatemala GT	4	0.21
97	Hungary HU	4	0.43
98	Kyrgyzstan KG	4	0.58
99	Madagascar MG	4	0.12
100	Mauritius MU	4	2.92
101	Zambia ZM	4	0.19
102	Bulgaria BG	3	0.42
103	Croatia HR	3	0.65
104	Eswatini SZ	3	2.07
105	Finland FI	3	0.49
106	Lebanon LB	3	0.56
107	Malawi MW	3	0.13
108	Norway NO	3	0.61
109	Panama PA	3	0.75
110	Rwanda RW	3	0.21
111	Slovakia SK	3	0.54
112	Trinidad and Tobago TT	3	1.73
113	Venezuela VE	3	0.11
114	Azerbaijan AZ	2	0.21
115	Cape Verde CV	2	3.02
116	Comoros KM	2	2.8
117	Estonia EE	2	1.58
118	Fiji FJ	2	2.59
119	Georgia GE	2	0.43
120	Honduras HN	2	0.16
121	Lesotho LS	2	1.02
122	Macau MO	2	2.71
123	Maldives MV	2	4.58
124	Mozambique MZ	2	0.05
125	Slovenia SI	2	0.8
126	Albania AL	1	0.38
127	Angola AO	1	0.02
128	Armenia AM	1	0.36
129	Bahamas BS	1	3.12
130	Barbados BB	1	2.25
131	Belarus BY	1	0.16
132	Cyprus CY	1	0.74
133	Djibouti DJ	1	1.21
134	El Salvador SV	1	0.22
135	Haiti HT	1	0.04
136	Latvia LV	1	0.59
137	Lithuania LT	1	0.45
138	Luxembourg LU	1	1.29
139	Mauritania MR	1	0.22
140	Moldova MD	1	0.29
141	Papua New Guinea PG	1	0.07
142	Paraguay PY	1	0.11
143	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC	1	6.71
144	Seychelles SC	1	5.29
145	Timor-Leste TL	1	0.38
146	Uruguay UY	1	0.28
147	Antigua and Barbuda AG	0	3.02
148	Belize BZ	0	0.97
149	Congo CG	0	0.06
150	French Polynesia PF	0	0.77
151	Gabon GA	0	0.19
152	Gambia GM	0	0.07
153	Grenada GD	0	4.05
154	Guinea GN	0	0.02
155	Guinea-Bissau GW	0	0
156	Iceland IS	0	1.23
157	Kiribati KI	0	0.15
158	Liberia LR	0	0.05
159	Malta MT	0	0.81
160	Marshall Islands MH	0	0.77
161	Micronesia FM	0	0.01
162	Mongolia MN	0	0.04
163	Montenegro ME	0	0.44
164	Nauru NR	0	0.26
165	New Caledonia NC	0	0.53
166	Nicaragua NI	0	0.07
167	Saint Kitts and Nevis KN	0	0.59
168	Saint Lucia LC	0	1.3
169	Samoa WS	0	0.67
170	Sao Tome and Principe ST	0	0.27
171	Solomon Islands SB	0	0.3
172	Suriname SR	0	0.72
173	Tonga TO	0	4.26
174	Turkmenistan TM	0	0.04
175	Tuvalu TV	0	0.61
176	Vanuatu VU	0	0.56

India Holds 42.3 Percent as Bangladesh Doubles Into Second

The 2023 table is led by India at 6,396 thousand tonnes, with Bangladesh second at 1,137 and Nigeria third at 728. China and Türkiye complete the top five at 557 and 547 thousand tonnes, respectively. India holds 42.3 percent of the 15,122-thousand-tonne listed total.

The top three reporters accounted for 54.6 percent of the listed total, the top five 61.9 percent and the top ten 76.4 percent. Bangladesh stood at 546 thousand tonnes in 2019, so its 2023 figure of 1,137 is 108.2 percent higher. Per capita, Guyana's 21.51 kilograms per person per year from 18 thousand tonnes is almost three times Bosnia and Herzegovina at 7.72 kilograms.

India's 948-Thousand-Tonne Gain Is 99.4 Percent of a 6.7 Percent Annual Rise

Among the 176 reporters with data in both 2022 and 2023, the listed food supply increased from 14,168 thousand tonnes to 15,122 thousand tonnes, a gain of 954 thousand tonnes (6.7 percent). The two years share the same 176 reporters, with no reporter entering or leaving the comparison. India added 948 thousand tonnes (up 17.4 percent), Ethiopia added 88 thousand tonnes (up 20.5 percent), Bangladesh added 40 thousand tonnes (up 3.6 percent) and China added 18 thousand tonnes (up 3.3 percent), while Indonesia fell 70 thousand tonnes (down 13.4 percent), Pakistan fell 28 thousand tonnes (down 8.3 percent), Nigeria fell 23 thousand tonnes (down 3.1 percent) and Germany fell 18 thousand tonnes (down 20.2 percent).

India's gain of 948 thousand tonnes against a net increase of 954 means the remaining reporters effectively cancel each other out. Read reporter by reporter, the 6.7 percent headline is dominated by India's increase, with gains in other countries partly offset by declines in Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria and Germany.

Bangladesh, Türkiye, Vietnam and Ivory Coast Double as the Five-Year Total Rises 26.5 Percent

For the 176 reporters with data in both 2019 and 2023, the listed food supply rose from 11,957 thousand tonnes to 15,122 thousand tonnes, a gain of 3,165 thousand tonnes (26.5 percent). The 2019 total includes 177 reporters with reported values, while the 2023 total includes 176; Cuba, with 2 thousand tonnes in 2019, had no reported 2023 value. India added 1,485 thousand tonnes (up 30.2 percent), Bangladesh added 591 thousand tonnes (up 108.2 percent), Türkiye added 324 thousand tonnes (up 145.3 percent), Vietnam added 103 thousand tonnes (up 102.0 percent), Nigeria added 97 thousand tonnes (up 15.4 percent), Ivory Coast added 82 thousand tonnes (up 182.2 percent), the United States added 71 thousand tonnes (up 20.5 percent) and China added 66 thousand tonnes (up 13.4 percent).

India contributes 46.9 percent of the five-year net increase, Bangladesh 18.7 percent and Türkiye 10.2 percent. Bangladesh's climb from 546 to 1,137 thousand tonnes, Türkiye's from 223 to 547 and Ivory Coast's from 45 to 127 are substantial proportional gains from smaller bases. Indonesia, eighth by total, is the largest five-year decliner at 44 thousand tonnes (down 8.9 percent).

What Does the Spices Food Supply Measure?

The numbers in this article come from the Spices item in the FAO Food Balances, measured under the Food element as food available for human consumption during the reference year. A combined spices total of this kind should not be read as an estimate of what people actually ate. The aggregate sums the spice items, including pepper, pimento, cloves and other spices, and several of those items are also covered in separate articles.

The per-capita measure converts the reported food supply into kilograms available per person during the year. It offers a population-adjusted view of the same item, which is why spices look concentrated in South Asia by total but in Guyana and small reporters per person.

Spices Consumption by Country

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#	Country	2019 (1000 t)	2019 (kg/cap/yr)	2020 (1000 t)	2020 (kg/cap/yr)	2021 (1000 t)	2021 (kg/cap/yr)	2022 (1000 t)	2022 (kg/cap/yr)	2023 (1000 t)	2023 (kg/cap/yr)
1	India	4.91K	3.54	4.53K	3.23	5.28K	3.73	5.45K	3.82	6.4K	4.45
2	Bangladesh	546	3.31	790	4.75	874	5.21	1.1K	6.48	1.14K	6.63
3	Nigeria	631	3.01	717	3.35	671	3.07	751	3.37	728	3.2
4	China	491	0.35	547	0.38	635	0.45	539	0.38	557	0.39
5	Türkiye	223	2.61	346	4.02	493	5.68	537	6.17	547	6.26
6	Ethiopia	535	4.62	565	4.75	561	4.59	430	3.43	518	4.02
7	Thailand	470	6.57	503	7.02	500	6.97	485	6.76	491	6.84
8	Indonesia	495	1.82	494	1.8	585	2.11	521	1.87	451	1.6
9	United States	347	1.03	380	1.12	407	1.2	421	1.23	418	1.22
10	Pakistan	274	1.19	327	1.39	338	1.41	338	1.39	310	1.25
11	Yemen	247	7.03	255	7.06	255	6.86	255	6.68	247	6.26
12	Nepal	215	7.58	236	8.14	244	8.29	218	7.33	228	7.67
13	Vietnam	101	1.04	99	1.01	113	1.15	202	2.02	204	2.03
14	Mexico	139	1.1	197	1.55	205	1.6	190	1.48	202	1.56
15	Malaysia	170	5.09	185	5.46	186	5.44	186	5.35	193	5.5
16	Sri Lanka	132	5.88	155	6.87	159	6.99	169	7.38	151	6.57
17	Myanmar	141	2.67	118	2.22	110	2.06	134	2.49	138	2.55
18	Ivory Coast	45	1.61	89	3.06	129	4.35	126	4.13	127	4.06
19	Saudi Arabia	108	3.55	123	3.96	113	3.61	104	3.23	110	3.31
20	Ghana	104	3.33	105	3.29	105	3.22	112	3.39	107	3.16
21	Morocco	67	1.86	69	1.89	75	2.03	91	2.45	88	2.33
22	Egypt	113	1.05	111	1.01	105	0.95	91	0.81	84	0.74
23	Burkina Faso	61	2.89	70	3.28	76	3.45	84	3.73	79	3.42
24	United Kingdom	73	1.08	84	1.25	81	1.2	83	1.22	75	1.1
25	Iran	66	0.76	58	0.66	67	0.76	65	0.73	73	0.8
26	Germany	73	0.87	77	0.92	81	0.97	89	1.05	71	0.84
27	Iraq	15	0.41	21	0.57	18	0.48	51	1.36	57	1.48
28	Cameroon	58	2.27	49	1.88	54	2.02	53	1.93	55	1.93
29	South Korea	48	0.92	56	1.08	56	1.09	41	0.79	55	1.06
30	Canada	45	1.19	49	1.27	53	1.39	54	1.38	51	1.29
31	Syria	10	0.49	36	1.7	44	2.03	35	1.58	43	1.82
32	Niger	17	0.75	18	0.75	40	1.63	41	1.61	41	1.55
33	Brazil	23	0.11	29	0.14	26	0.12	38	0.18	39	0.19
34	DR Congo	39	0.42	39	0.41	39	0.39	39	0.38	39	0.37
35	Philippines	45	0.41	48	0.43	48	0.43	45	0.4	39	0.34
36	South Africa	27	0.45	33	0.55	37	0.61	38	0.61	38	0.59
37	Algeria	32	0.74	36	0.82	31	0.7	32	0.7	35	0.77
38	Netherlands	26	1.51	36	2.03	38	2.14	34	1.93	35	1.95
39	France	32	0.49	36	0.54	36	0.55	36	0.54	34	0.52
40	Taiwan	34	1.42	31	1.32	32	1.37	32	1.38	34	1.44
41	Russia	38	0.26	38	0.26	74	0.5	49	0.34	33	0.22
42	Tunisia	29	2.41	35	2.89	29	2.37	25	2.08	32	2.61
43	Kenya	8	0.15	10	0.19	9	0.16	27	0.49	28	0.5
44	Kazakhstan	12	0.62	14	0.72	14	0.68	15	0.75	27	1.32
45	Bosnia and Herzegovina	26	7.86	25	7.69	26	8	25	7.71	25	7.72
46	United Arab Emirates	21	2.2	45	4.72	50	5.09	36	3.52	25	2.35
47	Australia	18	0.72	20	0.78	22	0.83	21	0.78	24	0.89
48	Poland	19	0.51	22	0.57	25	0.67	23	0.61	23	0.61
49	Tajikistan	45	4.72	27	2.79	21	2.12	23	2.24	23	2.2
50	Laos	16	2.22	20	2.67	18	2.44	22	2.91	22	2.91
51	Colombia	19	0.39	36	0.7	26	0.5	23	0.45	21	0.39
52	Jamaica	18	6.45	19	6.8	21	7.42	21	7.56	21	7.35
53	Zimbabwe	22	1.42	26	1.7	21	1.31	15	0.96	21	1.28
54	Guyana	15	18.66	15	18.95	17	21.09	18	22.4	18	21.51
55	Oman	20	4.25	20	4.46	20	4.42	21	4.34	18	3.58
56	Qatar	17	6.01	17	6.18	17	5.93	19	6.68	17	5.73
57	Belgium	12	1.06	13	1.12	14	1.25	16	1.36	16	1.37
58	Kuwait	17	3.89	16	3.63	18	4.08	19	4.14	16	3.39
59	Italy	14	0.23	14	0.24	16	0.27	16	0.27	14	0.24
60	Jordan	7	0.65	8	0.7	7	0.65	13	1.12	14	1.25
61	Senegal	8	0.52	8	0.48	10	0.55	9	0.52	14	0.79
62	Argentina	11	0.25	15	0.34	15	0.33	13	0.29	13	0.29
63	Cambodia	12	0.72	12	0.74	13	0.74	13	0.75	13	0.75
64	Libya	17	2.45	7	0.98	18	2.49	20	2.78	13	1.84
65	Austria	9	1.07	10	1.1	11	1.19	12	1.3	11	1.19
66	Sweden	11	1.07	11	1.11	12	1.19	13	1.23	11	1.05
67	Tanzania	15	0.25	13	0.22	10	0.16	10	0.15	11	0.17
68	Afghanistan	5	0.13	12	0.32	13	0.32	13	0.31	10	0.25
69	Denmark	11	1.86	13	2.26	10	1.63	9	1.47	8	1.36
70	Israel	6	0.75	11	1.24	12	1.31	13	1.45	8	0.84
71	Spain	10	0.21	11	0.23	12	0.25	9	0.19	8	0.17
72	Switzerland	7	0.8	7	0.82	8	0.94	8	0.88	8	0.86
73	Bahrain	7	4.61	7	4.57	7	4.8	7	4.69	7	4.44
74	Peru	7	0.22	11	0.35	7	0.22	10	0.29	7	0.21
75	Portugal	5	0.51	5	0.5	6	0.54	6	0.59	7	0.66
76	Ukraine	8	0.17	9	0.2	10	0.22	8	0.19	7	0.2
77	Uzbekistan	4	0.12	10	0.29	6	0.17	7	0.19	7	0.21
78	Bhutan	9	11.4	10	13.31	10	12.59	9	10.97	6	7.56
79	Czech Republic	5	0.43	5	0.46	5	0.51	7	0.61	6	0.53
80	Hong Kong	5	0.62	6	0.77	6	0.82	6	0.8	6	0.8
81	Sierra Leone	6	0.74	5	0.68	5	0.68	6	0.69	6	0.67
82	Botswana	4	1.9	5	2.29	6	2.48	5	2.15	5	2.2
83	Chile	4	0.21	6	0.29	6	0.3	5	0.28	5	0.26
84	Dominican Republic	4	0.35	6	0.51	5	0.45	4	0.4	5	0.41
85	Ecuador	4	0.21	5	0.29	5	0.31	6	0.32	5	0.29
86	Ireland	4	0.88	4	0.81	4	0.8	4	0.78	5	0.93
87	Namibia	4	1.4	4	1.55	4	1.56	4	1.46	5	1.7
88	New Zealand	5	1.08	6	1.18	7	1.32	6	1.12	5	1.04
89	North Macedonia	5	2.67	5	2.58	5	2.64	5	2.59	5	2.88
90	Romania	5	0.28	5	0.26	6	0.3	6	0.3	5	0.28
91	Serbia	4	0.53	4	0.64	5	0.71	5	0.71	5	0.73
92	Uganda	6	0.14	5	0.12	5	0.12	4	0.09	5	0.1
93	Bolivia	4	0.35	5	0.41	4	0.33	4	0.35	4	0.33
94	Costa Rica	3	0.63	3	0.5	3	0.59	3	0.59	4	0.75
95	Greece	4	0.41	4	0.42	5	0.46	5	0.44	4	0.44
96	Guatemala	4	0.21	4	0.24	4	0.22	4	0.22	4	0.21
97	Hungary	5	0.55	5	0.47	5	0.5	5	0.52	4	0.43
98	Kyrgyzstan	3	0.4	3	0.5	3	0.44	4	0.56	4	0.58
99	Madagascar	11	0.39	12	0.43	5	0.16	4	0.12	4	0.12
100	Mauritius	2	1.89	3	2.5	5	3.56	3	2.69	4	2.92
101	Zambia	4	0.21	4	0.23	4	0.22	4	0.19	4	0.19
102	Bulgaria	3	0.48	3	0.45	3	0.38	3	0.43	3	0.42
103	Croatia	2	0.59	2	0.49	2	0.61	2	0.6	3	0.65
104	Eswatini	2	1.67	3	2.1	3	2.2	3	2.05	3	2.07
105	Finland	3	0.47	3	0.51	3	0.51	3	0.51	3	0.49
106	Lebanon	4	0.67	4	0.75	4	0.73	4	0.7	3	0.56
107	Malawi	2	0.11	3	0.15	2	0.11	2	0.11	3	0.13
108	Norway	3	0.53	3	0.6	3	0.62	3	0.58	3	0.61
109	Panama	1	0.21	2	0.4	4	0.81	5	1.02	3	0.75
110	Rwanda	5	0.37	4	0.31	9	0.65	9	0.66	3	0.21
111	Slovakia	3	0.5	3	0.55	3	0.62	3	0.53	3	0.54
112	Trinidad and Tobago	2	1.47	2	1.45	2	1.5	2	1.48	3	1.73
113	Venezuela	0	0.01	1	0.03	1	0.04	2	0.07	3	0.11
114	Azerbaijan	1	0.14	2	0.17	2	0.2	2	0.21	2	0.21
115	Cape Verde	1	2.91	1	2.87	2	2.96	2	2.98	2	3.02
116	Comoros	0	0.55	2	3.02	4	4.5	2	2.16	2	2.8
117	Estonia	3	2.14	2	1.65	2	1.39	2	1.39	2	1.58
118	Fiji	1	1.29	2	2.63	3	2.88	2	2.48	2	2.59
119	Georgia	1	0.25	1	0.35	1	0.34	2	0.41	2	0.43
120	Honduras	1	0.11	1	0.12	1	0.12	1	0.14	2	0.16
121	Lesotho	1	0.66	2	0.83	3	1.13	3	1.27	2	1.02
122	Macau	1	2.2	2	2.31	2	2.72	2	2.69	2	2.71
123	Maldives	3	5.89	2	3.12	2	4.44	3	5.12	2	4.58
124	Mozambique	3	0.09	4	0.14	3	0.1	1	0.03	2	0.05
125	Slovenia	1	0.44	1	0.56	1	0.57	1	0.64	2	0.8
126	Albania	1	0.26	0	0.13	0	0.15	1	0.3	1	0.38
127	Angola	1	0.02	1	0.04	1	0.03	1	0.03	1	0.02
128	Armenia	1	0.22	1	0.3	1	0.25	1	0.26	1	0.36
129	Bahamas	0	1.16	1	1.55	1	1.45	1	2.3	1	3.12
130	Barbados	1	1.84	1	1.78	1	2.21	1	2.42	1	2.25
131	Belarus	2	0.21	2	0.24	2	0.25	2	0.18	1	0.16
132	Cyprus	1	0.62	1	0.62	1	0.77	1	0.7	1	0.74
133	Djibouti	1	0.83	2	2.26	3	2.62	1	0.83	1	1.21
134	El Salvador	1	0.17	1	0.18	1	0.22	2	0.25	1	0.22
135	Haiti	0	0.03	0	0.04	1	0.06	1	0.05	1	0.04
136	Latvia	1	0.33	1	0.75	2	0.84	1	0.68	1	0.59
137	Lithuania	1	0.35	1	0.51	1	0.47	1	0.47	1	0.45
138	Luxembourg	1	1.27	1	1.72	1	1.29	1	1.25	1	1.29
139	Mauritania	1	0.13	4	0.77	2	0.46	2	0.34	1	0.22
140	Moldova	1	0.19	1	0.22	1	0.23	1	0.21	1	0.29
141	Papua New Guinea	1	0.07	1	0.06	1	0.07	1	0.06	1	0.07
142	Paraguay	1	0.16	1	0.2	1	0.12	1	0.17	1	0.11
143	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1	8.45	1	8.06	1	7.59	1	6.39	1	6.71
144	Seychelles	0	3.14	1	4.95	1	4.87	1	4.71	1	5.29
145	Timor-Leste	1	0.39	1	0.42	0	0.2	0	0.36	1	0.38
146	Uruguay	1	0.25	1	0.26	1	0.29	1	0.29	1	0.28
147	Antigua and Barbuda	0	2.59	0	0.97	0	2.77	0	2.48	0	3.02
148	Belize	0	0.23	0	0.27	0	0.48	0	0.48	0	0.97
149	Congo	0	0.04	0	0.05	0	0.05	0	0.03	0	0.06
150	French Polynesia	0	0.19	0	0.28	0	0.24	0	0.79	0	0.77
151	Gabon	0	0.03	0	0.12	0	0.15	0	0.18	0	0.19
152	Gambia	1	0.27	1	0.26	1	0.35	0	0.16	0	0.07
153	Grenada	0	3.97	1	5.7	1	5.04	0	3.38	0	4.05
154	Guinea	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.02
155	Guinea-Bissau	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0
156	Iceland	0	1.36	0	1.34	1	1.52	1	1.44	0	1.23
157	Kiribati	0	0.11	0	0.09	0	0.39	0	0.16	0	0.15
158	Liberia	1	0.11	0	0.1	1	0.11	0	0.04	0	0.05
159	Malta	0	0.74	0	0.63	0	0.52	0	0.76	0	0.81
160	Marshall Islands	0	0.22	0	0.46	0	0.55	0	0.62	0	0.77
161	Micronesia	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.01
162	Mongolia	0	0.06	0	0.05	0	0.12	0	0.12	0	0.04
163	Montenegro	0	0.44	0	0.4	0	0.43	0	0.42	0	0.44
164	Nauru	0	0.13	0	0.1	0	0.06	0	0.26	0	0.26
165	New Caledonia	0	0.85	0	0.52	0	0.68	0	0.46	0	0.53
166	Nicaragua	0	0.05	0	0.06	0	0.06	0	0.05	0	0.07
167	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0.77	0	1.44	0	1.28	0	1.21	0	0.59
168	Saint Lucia	0	1.37	0	1.42	0	1.53	0	1.7	0	1.3
169	Samoa	0	0.78	0	0.64	0	0.83	0	0.57	0	0.67
170	Sao Tome and Principe	0	0.32	0	0.3	0	0.36	0	0.25	0	0.27
171	Solomon Islands	0	0.31	0	0.31	0	0.3	0	0.3	0	0.3
172	Suriname	0	0.7	0	0.56	0	0.52	0	0.71	0	0.72
173	Tonga	0	4.1	0	4.18	0	4.17	0	4.33	0	4.26
174	Turkmenistan	0	0.03	0	0.06	0	0.05	0	0.05	0	0.04
175	Tuvalu	0	0	0	0.09	0	0.48	0	0.43	0	0.61
176	Vanuatu	0	0.43	0	0.41	0	0.41	0	0.53	0	0.56
177	Cuba	2	0.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Spices Consumption by Country: Quick Answer

In 2023, according to FAO Food Balances, India had the largest listed spices food supply among the 176 reporters with reported values, at 6,396 thousand tonnes. Bangladesh ranked second at 1,137 thousand tonnes, while Nigeria ranked third at 728 thousand tonnes. Guyana had the highest per-capita spices food supply at 21.51 kilograms per person per year. These FAO Food Balances figures represent food available for human consumption, not a direct measurement of spices actually eaten.

Methodology

Percentage changes use the corresponding value in the earlier year as the base. Yearly totals use FAO Food Balances food quantity (Element 5142, thousand tonnes), while the per-capita figures use food supply quantity (Element 645, kg/capita/year) for Spices from 2019 through 2023. The Food element represents the quantity available for human consumption during the reference period. It is not a direct measure of the amount actually eaten, because food available for human consumption is not the same as actual dietary intake. No percentage change is shown where the base-year value is zero.

The reporter universe for this item contains 177 reporters. The tables list reporters only; aggregate rows such as World, regions and China (aggregate) are excluded, while China figures refer to the China reporter. For year-to-year comparisons, only reporters with values in both endpoint years are included in the arithmetic. A zero indicates a displayed value of zero, while an empty cell indicates that no value is available for that reporter and year.

Quantities are shown in thousand tonnes as reported, without additional rounding. The FAO dataset reports the Food element in thousand tonnes and food supply quantity in kilograms per capita per year. The listed total of 15,122 thousand tonnes is the sum of the 176 reporters with a reported 2023 value; it excludes aggregate rows and reporters without a 2023 value. This article covers the spices aggregate; individual spice items are treated in separate articles.