Primary Energy Production from Coal by Country

Primary energy from coal by country measures the energy content of coal produced for each country, in quadrillion British thermal units (quad Btu) per year. Unlike coal tonnage pages, this measures energy rather than mass. The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. The table covers 72 countries, with 72 reported 2024 values, and includes data from 2019 to 2024. The world total stood at 181.5906 quad Btu in 2024, up from 179.2414 quad Btu in 2023.

China (94.5603 quad Btu) produced more than half of the world's coal energy in 2024 — over five times India (17.3433 quad Btu), the second-largest producer. Indonesia (15.8970 quad Btu), Australia (11.1156 quad Btu) and Russia (10.6000 quad Btu) completed the top five. Empty means no reported value, not zero.

Primary Energy Production from Coal by Country

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#	Country	2024 (quad Btu)
1	China CN	94.56
2	India IN	17.34
3	Indonesia ID	15.9
4	Australia AU	11.12
5	Russia RU	10.6
6	United States US	10.58
7	South Africa ZA	5.3
8	Kazakhstan KZ	2.52
9	Mongolia MN	2
10	Colombia CO	1.58
11	Poland PL	1.32
12	Germany DE	1.3
13	Vietnam VN	1.18
14	Canada CA	1.04
15	Türkiye TR	0.62
16	North Korea KP	0.56
17	Ukraine UA	0.43
18	Mozambique MZ	0.41
19	Czech Republic CZ	0.33
20	Philippines PH	0.31
21	Pakistan PK	0.29
22	Laos LA	0.24
23	Serbia RS	0.21
24	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	0.19
25	Thailand TH	0.17
26	Zimbabwe ZW	0.14
27	Mexico MX	0.11
28	Bulgaria BG	0.1
29	Romania RO	0.1
30	Brazil BR	0.09
31	Malaysia MY	0.08
32	Uzbekistan UZ	0.08
33	Kyrgyzstan KG	0.07
34	Kosovo XK	0.06
35	Tajikistan TJ	0.06
36	New Zealand NZ	0.06
37	Botswana BW	0.05
38	Iran IR	0.05
39	Peru PE	0.05
40	Zambia ZM	0.05
41	Tanzania TZ	0.05
42	Myanmar MM	0.04
43	Greece GR	0.03
44	Nigeria NG	0.03
45	Ethiopia ET	0.03
46	Hungary HU	0.02
47	Slovenia SI	0.02
48	Afghanistan AF	0.02
49	Bangladesh BD	0.02
50	North Macedonia MK	0.02
51	Montenegro ME	0.02
52	South Korea KR	0.01
53	Japan JP	0.01
54	Eswatini SZ	0.01
55	Venezuela VE	0.01
56	Albania AL	0
57	Bhutan BT	0
58	Norway NO	0
59	Georgia GE	0
60	United Kingdom GB	0
61	Niger NE	0
62	Malawi MW	0
63	Chile CL	0
64	Cambodia KH	0
65	Nepal NP	0
66	Argentina AR	0
67	Armenia AM	0
68	Egypt EG	0
69	Italy IT	0
70	Lesotho LS	0
71	Slovakia SK	0
72	Spain ES	0

China accounted for about 52.1% of the world total in 2024. The top two together held about 61.6%, the top three about 70.4%, the top five about 82.3%, and the top ten about 94.5%. Only about 5.5% of reported production sits outside the top ten, highlighting how heavily coal production is concentrated among the leading producers.

Change from 2023 to 2024

Indonesia recorded the largest increase in absolute terms, rising from 14.8570 to 15.8970 quad Btu (+1.0400 quad Btu, about 7.0%). The world total rose from 179.2414 to 181.5906 quad Btu (+2.3492 quad Btu, about 1.3%). The largest decline among reported pairs was the United States, falling from 11.7505 to 10.5788 quad Btu (-1.1717 quad Btu, about 10.0%).

Where production shifted in 2024

China added output in absolute terms more than any country except Indonesia, yet its share barely moved because the base is so large. The United States (-10.0%) recorded the steepest percentage fall among the top ten, continuing a long retreat, while Russia held steady and Australia recovered modestly. Indonesia's +7.0% was the fastest growth among the top five.

2019 to 2024 in this series

Reported world values were 173.7745 quad Btu in 2019, 165.7409 quad Btu in 2020, 171.6377 quad Btu in 2021, 175.1783 quad Btu in 2022, 179.2414 quad Btu in 2023 and 181.5906 quad Btu in 2024. Production ended about 4.5% above the 2019 level, with China supplying most of the net increase. The series captures the production trend over these six years, while the underlying reasons for the changes are outside the scope of the dataset.

Coal energy in context

Coal production is unusually concentrated at the top: China alone accounted for 52.1% of the world total in 2024. Coal grades also differ in heat content, so rankings based on energy output do not necessarily match rankings based on coal tonnage. The ranking therefore reflects the energy content of coal produced, not the physical amount of coal mined.

Primary Energy Production from Coal by Country

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#	Country	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
1	China	89.21	89.82	93.25	92.63	93.81	94.56
2	India	12.34	12.16	12.97	14.73	16.62	17.34
3	Indonesia	12.18	11.11	12.1	13.45	14.86	15.9
4	Australia	12.16	11.89	11.06	10.97	10.48	11.12
5	Russia	10.52	9.65	10.47	10.19	10.63	10.6
6	United States	14.26	10.7	11.6	12.04	11.75	10.58
7	South Africa	5.62	5.39	5.15	5.42	5.3	5.3
8	Kazakhstan	2.64	2.61	2.26	2.71	2.62	2.52
9	Mongolia	1.08	0.88	0.6	0.72	1.57	2
10	Colombia	2.3	1.42	1.6	1.57	1.35	1.58
11	Poland	1.89	1.69	1.76	1.63	1.41	1.32
12	Germany	1.18	0.96	1.13	1.73	1.44	1.3
13	Vietnam	1.2	1.16	1.26	1.15	1.25	1.18
14	Canada	1.16	1	1.05	0.89	1.05	1.04
15	Türkiye	0.77	0.67	0.76	0.67	0.62	0.62
16	North Korea	0.7	0.66	0.54	0.53	0.53	0.56
17	Ukraine	0.61	0.57	0.58	0.39	0.44	0.43
18	Mozambique	0.28	0.19	0.27	0.21	0.24	0.41
19	Czech Republic	0.56	0.43	0.43	0.45	0.39	0.33
20	Philippines	0.34	0.29	0.32	0.3	0.3	0.31
21	Pakistan	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.25	0.26	0.29
22	Laos	0.22	0.21	0.21	0.19	0.22	0.24
23	Serbia	0.3	0.31	0.29	0.24	0.22	0.21
24	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.1	0.09	0.1	0.2	0.19	0.19
25	Thailand	0.15	0.14	0.15	0.17	0.17	0.17
26	Zimbabwe	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.1	0.14
27	Mexico	0.21	0.21	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.11
28	Bulgaria	0.2	0.16	0.2	0.23	0.14	0.1
29	Romania	0.17	0.12	0.14	0.14	0.11	0.1
30	Brazil	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.1	0.1	0.09
31	Malaysia	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.08
32	Uzbekistan	0.06	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.08
33	Kyrgyzstan	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.07
34	Kosovo	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.06
35	Tajikistan	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06
36	New Zealand	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06
37	Botswana	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.05
38	Iran	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05
39	Peru	0.02	0.01	0.01	0	0.04	0.05
40	Zambia	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.05
41	Tanzania	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.06	0.05
42	Myanmar	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.04
43	Greece	0.13	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.03
44	Nigeria	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.03	0.03
45	Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0.01	0.03
46	Hungary	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02
47	Slovenia	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02
48	Afghanistan	0.06	0.04	0.05	0.09	0.02	0.02
49	Bangladesh	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02
50	North Macedonia	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02
51	Montenegro	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
52	South Korea	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01
53	Japan	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01
54	Eswatini	0	0	0	0.01	0.01	0.01
55	Venezuela	0.01	0.01	0	0	0	0.01
56	Albania	0	0	0	0.01	0.01	0
57	Bhutan	0	0	0	0	0	0
58	Norway	0	0	0	0	0	0
59	Georgia	0	0	0	0	0	0
60	United Kingdom	0.07	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.01	0
61	Niger	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0
62	Malawi	0	0	0	0	0	0
63	Chile	0.03	0.01	0	0	0	0
64	Cambodia	0	0	0	0	0	0
65	Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
66	Argentina	0	0	0	0	0	0
67	Armenia	0	0	0	0	0	0
68	Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
69	Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0
70	Lesotho	0	0	0	0	0	0
71	Slovakia	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0
72	Spain	0	0	0	0	0	0

Methodology

The statistics are based on the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) International Energy Statistics. Values represent annual primary energy production from coal in quadrillion British thermal units (quad Btu). Where no value is available, the cell is left empty. A value of 0 indicates that the source reports zero. The sum of the countries listed on this page may not equal the reported world total because the country-level data presented here do not necessarily represent the complete set of values used for the world total. This page covers coal energy production only and does not include other sources or consumption, which are reported separately in the source.