Rye and Products Consumption by Country

FAO Food Balances data show that Poland had the largest listed food supply of rye and products in 2023, at 1,040 thousand tonnes, followed by Germany and Russia at 597 thousand tonnes each. Poland also recorded the highest per-capita food supply, at 26.83 kilograms per person per year. The dataset contains 81 reporters, with 76 reporting a 2023 quantity, and provides annual data from 2019 through 2023.

Poland had the highest listed food supply of rye and products in 2023 at 1,040 thousand tonnes, while also recording the highest per-capita food supply at 26.83 kilograms per person per year. Poland's listed food supply was 1.74 times Germany's, at 1,040 thousand tonnes versus 597 thousand tonnes. Germany and Russia shared second place with identical quantities.

Key Takeaways

In 2023, Poland had the largest listed supply of rye and products at 1,040 thousand tonnes, followed by Germany and Russia at 597 thousand tonnes each. The United States ranked fourth at 315 thousand tonnes. On a per-capita basis, Poland recorded the highest food supply at 26.83 kilograms per person, followed by Latvia at 23.24 kilograms.

Across the 74 reporters with data in both 2022 and 2023, listed rye and products supply decreased by 103 thousand tonnes, or 2.4 percent. Ukraine recorded the largest decline at 85 thousand tonnes. These figures represent food available for human consumption in the FAO Food Balances and should not be interpreted as the amount of rye actually eaten.

Rye and Products Consumption

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#	Country	2023 (thousand tonnes)2023	2023 (kg per person per year)2023
1	Poland PL	1.04K	26.83
2	Germany DE	597	7.06
3	Russia RU	597	4.11
4	United States US	315	0.92
5	Ukraine UA	200	5.29
6	Türkiye TR	189	2.16
7	Belarus BY	167	18.27
8	Sweden SE	123	11.62
9	Finland FI	115	20.54
10	China CN	100	0.07
11	Austria AT	84	9.16
12	Denmark DK	78	13.11
13	United Kingdom GB	78	1.14
14	Czech Republic CZ	65	6.02
15	Canada CA	58	1.48
16	Latvia LV	44	23.24
17	Lithuania LT	37	12.81
18	Portugal PT	35	3.39
19	Spain ES	34	0.71
20	France FR	31	0.47
21	Romania RO	25	1.33
22	Slovakia SK	19	3.38
23	Serbia RS	18	2.59
24	Kazakhstan KZ	15	0.72
25	Norway NO	15	2.72
26	Estonia EE	14	10.13
27	Italy IT	14	0.24
28	Belgium BE	12	1.03
29	Hungary HU	6	0.62
30	Netherlands NL	6	0.35
31	Switzerland CH	6	0.64
32	Chile CL	4	0.21
33	Ireland IE	4	0.8
34	Moldova MD	4	1.59
35	Bosnia and Herzegovina BA	3	1
36	Croatia HR	3	0.81
37	Slovenia SI	3	1.63
38	Albania AL	2	0.72
39	Armenia AM	2	0.52
40	Azerbaijan AZ	2	0.22
41	Brazil BR	2	0.01
42	Georgia GE	2	0.4
43	Greece GR	2	0.19
44	Morocco MA	2	0.05
45	South Africa ZA	2	0.03
46	Australia AU	1	0.02
47	Bulgaria BG	1	0.16
48	Egypt EG	1	0.01
49	Luxembourg LU	1	1.19
50	North Macedonia MK	1	0.31
51	Afghanistan AF	0	0
52	Antigua and Barbuda AG	0	0
53	Bolivia BO	0	0.02
54	Cyprus CY	0	0.03
55	Grenada GD	0	0
56	Iceland IS	0	0.69
57	Iran IR	0	0
58	Israel IL	0	0.01
59	Mauritius MU	0	0.01
60	Montenegro ME	0	0.58
61	Mozambique MZ	0	0
62	Namibia NA	0	0.05
63	New Caledonia NC	0	0.03
64	New Zealand NZ	0	0.07
65	Oman OM	0	0
66	Saint Lucia LC	0	0.02
67	Samoa WS	0	0.01
68	Sao Tome and Principe ST	0	0
69	Saudi Arabia SA	0	0
70	South Korea KR	0	0.01
71	Tajikistan TJ	0	0.02
72	Tonga TO	0	0.01
73	Tunisia TN	0	0.01
74	Turkmenistan TM	0	0
75	United Arab Emirates AE	0	0.01
76	Uruguay UY	0	0.01

Rye and Products Consumption by Country in 2023

Poland had the largest listed food supply of rye and products in the 2023 data with 1,040 thousand tonnes (24.9 percent of the listed total), followed by Germany and Russia with 597 thousand tonnes each (14.3 percent each) and the United States with 315 thousand tonnes (7.5 percent). Ukraine ranked fifth with 200 thousand tonnes.

The top three reporters hold 53.5 percent of the listed 2023 total, the top five 65.8 percent and the top ten 82.4 percent of the 4,179-thousand-tonne total.

Ukraine Falls 85 Thousand Tonnes as Listed Rye and Products Food Supply Declines 2.4 Percent Among Common Reporters Between 2022 and 2023

Among the 74 reporters with data in both 2022 and 2023, the listed food supply decreased from 4,282 thousand tonnes to 4,179 thousand tonnes, a decline of 103 thousand tonnes (2.4 percent). The annual listed totals across all reporters were 4,376 thousand tonnes in 2022 and 4,179 thousand tonnes in 2023; Tanzania reported 94 thousand tonnes in 2022 and nothing in 2023. Ukraine fell 85 thousand tonnes (down 29.8 percent), followed by Russia with 78 thousand tonnes (down 11.6 percent), the United Kingdom with 43 thousand tonnes (down 35.5 percent) and Canada with 40 thousand tonnes (down 40.8 percent). Poland added 79 thousand tonnes (up 8.2 percent), followed by Belarus with 48 thousand tonnes (up 40.3 percent) and Finland with 30 thousand tonnes (up 35.3 percent).

Russia Falls 212 Thousand Tonnes as Listed Rye and Products Food Supply Declines 6.1 Percent Since 2019

For the 71 reporters with data in both 2019 and 2023, the listed food supply decreased from 4,449 thousand tonnes to 4,179 thousand tonnes, a decline of 270 thousand tonnes (6.1 percent). The annual listed totals across all reporters were 4,449 thousand tonnes in 2019 and 4,179 thousand tonnes in 2023; three reporters with no positive 2019 quantity exited and five reporters with no positive 2023 quantity joined, so they did not affect the listed totals. Russia fell 212 thousand tonnes (down 26.2 percent), accounting for 78.5 percent of the decline, followed by Germany with 93 thousand tonnes (down 13.5 percent) and Ukraine with 89 thousand tonnes (down 30.8 percent). The United States added 75 thousand tonnes (up 31.2 percent), offsetting 27.8 percent of the decline, and the United Kingdom added 40 thousand tonnes (up 105.3 percent), while Sweden added 32 thousand tonnes (up 35.2 percent), Finland fell 21 thousand tonnes (down 15.4 percent) and the Czech Republic fell 20 thousand tonnes (down 23.5 percent).

Between 2019 and 2023, the listed supply declined mainly because of lower quantities in Russia, Germany and Ukraine. Russia alone accounted for 78.5 percent of the net decline, while higher quantities in the United States and United Kingdom offset part of the decrease. Poland remained the country with the largest listed food supply and highest per-capita food supply in 2023.

In 2023, the largest listed rye and products food supplies were recorded in Poland (1,040 thousand tonnes), Germany (597 thousand tonnes), Russia (597 thousand tonnes), the United States (315 thousand tonnes) and Ukraine (200 thousand tonnes).

What Does Rye and Products Consumption Measure?

For FAO Food Balances, the rye and products figure used here is the amount recorded under the Food element. It represents food available for human consumption during the reference year, rather than a direct estimate of how much rye people actually ate. The item includes rye and products derived from it, while other commodities and processed products are recorded according to their respective FAO items.

The per-capita figure expresses the same food supply on a population basis, in kilograms per person per year. A country's total quantity and per-capita value therefore answer different questions: total quantity shows the size of the listed food supply, while the per-capita measure adjusts it for population.

In 2023, Poland had the largest listed food supply of rye and products at 1,040 thousand tonnes and the highest per-capita figure at 26.83 kilograms per person per year. Germany and Russia shared second place by total quantity with 597 thousand tonnes each. The figures come from FAO Food Balances and represent food available for human consumption rather than the amount actually eaten.

Rye and Products Consumption by Country

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#	Country	2019 (1000 t)	2019 (kg/cap/yr)	2020 (1000 t)	2020 (kg/cap/yr)	2021 (1000 t)	2021 (kg/cap/yr)	2022 (1000 t)	2022 (kg/cap/yr)	2023 (1000 t)	2023 (kg/cap/yr)
1	Poland	1.02K	26.68	971	25.45	940	24.7	961	25.03	1.04K	26.83
2	Germany	690	8.26	556	6.64	655	7.83	620	7.38	597	7.06
3	Russia	809	5.52	781	5.33	597	4.09	675	4.64	597	4.11
4	United States	240	0.71	254	0.75	228	0.67	299	0.88	315	0.92
5	Ukraine	289	6.43	301	6.74	344	7.77	285	6.94	200	5.29
6	Türkiye	192	2.25	183	2.13	141	1.63	174	2	189	2.16
7	Belarus	153	16.25	149	15.94	128	13.81	119	13.01	167	18.27
8	Sweden	91	8.82	101	9.72	121	11.6	114	10.89	123	11.62
9	Finland	136	24.66	100	18.16	102	18.32	85	15.25	115	20.54
10	China	102	0.07	100	0.07	97	0.07	100	0.07	100	0.07
11	Austria	103	11.62	88	9.92	89	9.92	81	8.94	84	9.16
12	Denmark	77	13.26	81	13.86	79	13.5	80	13.52	78	13.11
13	United Kingdom	38	0.57	36	0.54	95	1.41	121	1.78	78	1.14
14	Czech Republic	85	8.08	93	8.78	80	7.6	90	8.47	65	6.02
15	Canada	39	1.04	95	2.49	55	1.43	98	2.53	58	1.48
16	Latvia	52	27.11	29	15.48	36	18.95	37	19.69	44	23.24
17	Lithuania	24	8.57	22	7.87	19	6.68	41	14.68	37	12.81
18	Portugal	32	3.07	30	2.87	35	3.35	34	3.27	35	3.39
19	Spain	47	0.99	108	2.26	73	1.53	44	0.93	34	0.71
20	France	32	0.49	27	0.4	36	0.54	29	0.43	31	0.47
21	Romania	23	1.16	25	1.28	29	1.5	32	1.65	25	1.33
22	Slovakia	21	3.85	12	2.22	10	1.75	17	3.06	19	3.38
23	Serbia	12	1.67	16	2.27	16	2.27	16	2.29	18	2.59
24	Kazakhstan	12	0.6	12	0.63	12	0.63	14	0.69	15	0.72
25	Norway	13	2.49	8	1.47	16	3.03	20	3.67	15	2.72
26	Estonia	18	13.4	15	11.47	11	8.32	9	6.82	14	10.13
27	Italy	4	0.06	5	0.08	10	0.17	10	0.17	14	0.24
28	Belgium	14	1.24	15	1.33	16	1.38	13	1.14	12	1.03
29	Hungary	6	0.59	6	0.64	7	0.67	5	0.54	6	0.62
30	Netherlands	25	1.42	11	0.63	11	0.64	4	0.23	6	0.35
31	Switzerland	7	0.85	6	0.74	5	0.63	7	0.76	6	0.64
32	Chile	3	0.15	4	0.21	4	0.22	4	0.22	4	0.21
33	Ireland	0	0.08	1	0.11	2	0.35	2	0.37	4	0.8
34	Moldova	5	1.85	4	1.61	4	1.69	4	1.38	4	1.59
35	Bosnia and Herzegovina	5	1.54	5	1.51	5	1.46	3	0.83	3	1
36	Croatia	5	1.15	3	0.68	3	0.67	3	0.7	3	0.81
37	Slovenia	2	1.09	3	1.65	3	1.45	4	1.92	3	1.63
38	Albania	2	0.62	2	0.71	2	0.73	2	0.7	2	0.72
39	Armenia	1	0.35	1	0.43	1	0.4	1	0.45	2	0.52
40	Azerbaijan	3	0.3	2	0.22	3	0.26	2	0.23	2	0.22
41	Brazil	3	0.01	2	0.01	3	0.01	3	0.01	2	0.01
42	Georgia	0	0.06	0	0.05	1	0.32	1	0.37	2	0.4
43	Greece	3	0.26	2	0.2	2	0.22	2	0.22	2	0.19
44	Morocco	2	0.05	2	0.05	2	0.05	2	0.05	2	0.05
45	South Africa	2	0.03	2	0.03	1	0.02	2	0.03	2	0.03
46	Australia	1	0.03	1	0.03	1	0.02	1	0.03	1	0.02
47	Bulgaria	1	0.19	1	0.16	2	0.28	0	0	1	0.16
48	Egypt	0	0	1	0.01	1	0.01	1	0.01	1	0.01
49	Luxembourg	1	1.24	1	1.24	1	1.37	1	1.17	1	1.19
50	North Macedonia	1	0.46	1	0.49	1	0.46	1	0.45	1	0.31
51	Afghanistan	-	-	-	-	0	0	9	0.23	0	0
52	Antigua and Barbuda	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
53	Bolivia	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.02
54	Cyprus	0	0.04	0	0.03	0	0.03	0	0.04	0	0.03
55	Grenada	0	0.04	0	0	-	-	0	0.01	0	0
56	Iceland	0	0.92	0	0.79	0	0.72	0	0.74	0	0.69
57	Iran	0	0	3	0.04	0	0	0	0	0	0
58	Israel	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.05	0	0.01	0	0.01
59	Mauritius	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0.01
60	Montenegro	0	0.79	0	0.53	0	0.52	0	0.49	0	0.58
61	Mozambique	0	0.01	1	0.02	0	0.01	0	0	0	0
62	Namibia	0	0.12	0	0.05	0	0.03	0	0.02	0	0.05
63	New Caledonia	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.03	0	0.05	0	0.03
64	New Zealand	0	0.04	0	0.07	0	0.07	0	0.07	0	0.07
65	Oman	3	0.59	1	0.18	0	0.1	0	0	0	0
66	Saint Lucia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.02
67	Samoa	-	-	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01
68	Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0
69	Saudi Arabia	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0.01	0	0
70	South Korea	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0.01
71	Tajikistan	0	0.04	0	0.03	0	0.02	0	0.02	0	0.02
72	Tonga	0	0.02	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0.01
73	Tunisia	0	0	0	0	-	-	0	0	0	0.01
74	Turkmenistan	0	0.02	0	0	0	0.01	0	0	0	0
75	United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01
76	Uruguay	0	0	0	0.03	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01
77	Tanzania	-	-	-	-	-	-	94	1.46	-	-
78	Mongolia	-	-	0	0	3	0.99	-	-	-	-
79	Barbados	0	0.04	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
80	Maldives	0	0	0	0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-
81	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0	0	0	0	0.21	-	-	-	-

Quick Answer

In 2023, Poland had the largest listed rye and products food supply among the 76 reporters with reported values, at 1,040 thousand tonnes. Germany and Russia ranked joint second at 597 thousand tonnes each. Poland had the highest per-capita rye and products food supply at 26.83 kilograms per person per year. These FAO Food Balances figures represent food available for human consumption, not a direct measurement of rye actually eaten.

Methodology

Percentage changes use the corresponding value in the earlier year as the base. Yearly totals use FAO Food Balances food quantity (Element 5142, thousand tonnes), while the per-capita figures use food supply quantity (Element 645, kg/capita/year) for Rye and products from 2019 through 2023. The Food element represents the quantity available for human consumption during the reference period. It is not a direct measure of the quantity actually eaten, as additional losses or waste may occur after food reaches the consumer.

The reporter universe contains 81 reporters. The tables list reporters only; aggregate rows such as World, regions and China (aggregate) are excluded, while China figures refer to the China reporter. For year-to-year comparisons, only reporters with values in both endpoint years are included in the arithmetic. A zero indicates a displayed value of zero, while an empty cell indicates that no value is available for that reporter and year.

Quantities of 1,000 thousand tonnes and above are shown as whole numbers; smaller quantities retain up to two decimals. FAO Food Balances are compiled from national and other official sources. The FAO dataset reports the Food element in thousand tonnes and food supply quantity in kilograms per capita per year. The 2023 listed total of 4,179 thousand tonnes is the sum of the 76 reporters with a reported 2023 quantity; it excludes aggregate rows and reporters without a 2023 value.