Estonia Estonia

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Estonia Statistics

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Population

1,344,232 people (2025)

Total GDP

$51.6B (2026)

GDP Per capita

$32,760 (2025)

Human Development Index (HDI)

0.905 (36.)

About Estonia

Estonia is world's most digitally advanced society with 99% of services online. The country invented Skype and has excellent IT infrastructure. Estonian e-Residency program allows global digital citizenship for entrepreneurs.

The nation has 2,222 islands with Saaremaa being largest. Estonia has medieval Tallinn Old Town as UNESCO World Heritage Site. The country regained independence in 1991 after Soviet occupation.

Estonia has flat landscape covered 50% by forests with excellent biodiversity. The nation joined NATO and EU in 2004 achieving rapid modernization. Estonian language belongs to Finno-Ugric family related to Finnish.

Traditional Estonian culture includes song festivals bringing 100,000 singers together. The country has continental climate with mild summers and cold winters. Estonia has excellent education system with high technology integration.

The population is 1.4 million with Estonian as official language. Estonia offers digital innovation, medieval heritage, and Baltic charm making it a tech-forward European destination.

Economic Indicators

GDP Historical Performance
$45.0B
$41.7B
$38.4B
$35.1B
$31.8B
$31.9B
$31.8B
$37.2B
$38.4B
$41.3B
$42.8B
$45.0B
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Demographic Distribution

Age Groups Distribution
7.9%
0-14
7.4%
5.5%
15-24
5.2%
13.5%
25-44
12.4%
13.0%
45-64
13.4%
7.8%
65+
14.0%
Male
Female
%47.6 (639.868)
%52.4 (704.363)

Population Data by Years

Year Total Population Annual Change Density People/KM2
2100 825.503 -0.67% 19
2090 880.860 -0.65% 20.3
2080 944.963 -0.74% 21.7
2070 1.019.985 -0.78% 23.5
2060 1.100.466 -0.72% 25.3
2050 1.174.267 -0.56% 27
2040 1.236.787 -0.49% 28.5
2030 1.302.772 -0.54% 30
2025 NOW 1.344.232 -1.2% 30.9
2020 1.329.669 +0.21% 30.6
2015 1.314.576 +0.01% 30.2
2010 1.331.448 -0.23% 30.6
2005 1.354.848 -0.57% 31.2
2000 1.396.997 -0.47% 32.1
1995 1.452.777 -1.55% 33.4
1990 1.570.303 +0.17% 36.1
1985 1.525.280 +0.64% 35.1
1980 1.476.463 +0.57% 34
1975 1.423.504 +0.85% 32.8
1970 1.361.866 +0.98% 31.3
1965 1.292.804 +1.13% 29.7
1960 1.220.453 +0.87% 28.1
1955 1.166.871 +1.04% 26.8
1950 1.102.042 - 25.4

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Largest Cities

All Cities
1 Tallinn
457.572
2 Tartu
97.759
3 Narva
53.360
4 Parnu
41.520
5 Kohtla-Jarve
33.434

Geographic Regions

Harju
598.059
Hiiu
9.387
Ida-Viru
136.240
Järva
30.286
Jõgeva
28.734
Lääne
20.507
Lääne-Viru
59.325
Pärnu
85.938
Põlva
25.006
Rapla
33.311
Saare
33.083
Tartu
153.317
Valga
28.370
Viljandi
46.371
Võru
35.782

Cities

Tallinn
457.572
Tartu
97.759
Narva
53.360
Parnu
41.520
Kohtla-Jarve
33.434
Viljandi
17.255
Maardu
17.017
Rakvere
15.695
Kuressaare
13.185
Sillamae
12.352
Valga
12.173
Voru
12.112
Johvi
10.880
Keila
10.964
Haapsalu
9.693
Paide
8.073
Elva
5.692
Polva
5.498
Tapa
5.492
Rapla
5.355
Saue (Town)
6.227
Turi (Town)
5.186
Kivioli (Town)
4.792
Paldiski (Town)
4.073
Poltsamaa (Town)
4.106
Sindi (Town)
3.836
Kunda (Town)
3.044
Kardla (Town)
2.921
Torva (Town)
2.631
Narva-Joesuu (Town)
2.622
Tamsalu (Town)
2.397
Rapina (Town)
2.126
Otepaa (Town)
2.155
Kilingi-Nomme (Town)
1.623
Lihula (Town)
1.250
Mustvee (Town)
1.153
Abja-Paluoja (Town)
1.056
Kallaste (Town)
651
Pussi (Town)
859
Karksi-Nuia (Town)
1.436
Moiakula (Town)
744
Rae (Rural)
24.902
Viimsi (Rural)
23.018
Saue (Rural)
19.852
Harku (Rural)
18.176
Saaremaa (Rural)
17.119
Kambja (Rural)
14.319
Laane-Harju (Rural)
9.764
Tartu (Rural)
12.941
Saku (Rural)
11.832
Tori (Rural)
8.675
Pohja-Sakala (Rural)
5.222
Kohila (Rural)
7.834
Marjamaa (Rural)
7.389
Laane-Nigula (Rural)
6.974
Kiili (Rural)
6.709
Kuusalu (Rural)
6.459
Anija (Rural)
3.605
Kastre (Rural)
5.986
Luunja (Rural)
5.840
Kehtna (Rural)
5.499
Joelahtme (Rural)
7.552
Kose (Rural)
7.839
Raasiku (Rural)
5.345
Vormsi (Rural)
272
Haljala (Rural)
4.017
Kadrina (Rural)
4.702
Vinni (Rural)
6.800
Vaike-Maarja (Rural)
5.624
Johvi (Rural)
1.511
Hiiumaa (Rural)
5.497
Muhu (Rural)
1.627
Ruhnu (Rural)
90
Kihnu (Rural)
520
Noo (Rural)
4.387
Toila (Rural)
4.268
Alutaguse (Rural)
4.077
Luganuse (Rural)
2.460
Haademeeste (Rural)
4.725
Kanepi (Rural)
4.502
Viljandi (Rural)
13.526
Mulgi (Rural)
3.864
Setomaa (Rural)
2.784
Rakvere (Rural)
5.859
Voru (Rural)
10.310
Jarva (Rural)
8.747
Rouge (Rural)
4.748
Otepaa (Rural)
4.187
Torva (Rural)
3.258
Valga (Rural)
3.520
Antsla (Rural)
2.884
Polva (Rural)
7.952
Rapina (Rural)
3.814
Jogeva (Rural)
7.857
Mustvee (Rural)
3.767
Poltsamaa (Rural)
5.402
Elva (Rural)
9.227
Narva-Joesuu (Rural)
1.671
Paide (Rural)
2.616
Turi (Rural)
5.462
Haapsalu (Rural)
3.686

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Data Sources

UN Data - Population and demographic statistics
World Bank Open Data - Development and economic indicators
OECD Statistics - Economic and social data
IMF Data Portal - International financial statistics
WHO Data - Global health statistics